head	1.45;
access;
symbols
	RELENG_8_4:1.45.0.2
	RELENG_8_3_0_RELEASE:1.41.2.12
	RELENG_8_3:1.41.2.12.0.2
	RELENG_8_3_BP:1.41.2.12
	RELENG_7_4_0_RELEASE:1.35.2.10
	RELENG_8_2_0_RELEASE:1.41.2.5
	RELENG_7_4:1.35.2.10.0.2
	RELENG_7_4_BP:1.35.2.10
	RELENG_8_2:1.41.2.5.0.2
	RELENG_8_2_BP:1.41.2.5
	RELENG_8_1_0_RELEASE:1.41.2.4
	RELENG_8_1:1.41.2.4.0.2
	RELENG_8_1_BP:1.41.2.4
	RELENG_7_3_0_RELEASE:1.35.2.8
	RELENG_7_3:1.35.2.8.0.2
	RELENG_7_3_BP:1.35.2.8
	RELENG_8_0_0_RELEASE:1.41.2.1
	RELENG_8_0:1.41.2.1.0.2
	RELENG_8_0_BP:1.41.2.1
	RELENG_8:1.41.0.2
	RELENG_8_BP:1.41
	RELENG_7_2_0_RELEASE:1.35.2.4
	RELENG_7_2:1.35.2.4.0.2
	RELENG_7_2_BP:1.35.2.4
	RELENG_7_1_0_RELEASE:1.35.2.3
	RELENG_6_4_0_RELEASE:1.29.2.8
	RELENG_7_1:1.35.2.3.0.2
	RELENG_7_1_BP:1.35.2.3
	RELENG_6_4:1.29.2.8.0.2
	RELENG_6_4_BP:1.29.2.8
	tzdata2008b:1.1.2.28
	tzdata2008a:1.1.2.28
	RELENG_7_0_0_RELEASE:1.35.4.1
	RELENG_6_3_0_RELEASE:1.29.2.5.2.1
	tzdata2007k:1.1.2.28
	RELENG_7_0:1.35.0.4
	RELENG_7_0_BP:1.35
	tzdata2007j:1.1.2.27
	RELENG_6_3:1.29.2.5.0.2
	RELENG_6_3_BP:1.29.2.5
	tzdata2007i:1.1.2.27
	RELENG_7:1.35.0.2
	RELENG_7_BP:1.35
	tzdata2007h:1.1.2.27
	tzdata2007g:1.1.2.27
	tzdata2007f:1.1.2.26
	RELENG_6_2_0_RELEASE:1.29.2.4
	RELENG_6_2:1.29.2.4.0.2
	RELENG_6_2_BP:1.29.2.4
	tzdata2006n:1.1.2.25
	RELENG_5_5_0_RELEASE:1.27.4.5
	RELENG_5_5:1.27.4.5.0.2
	RELENG_5_5_BP:1.27.4.5
	tzdata2006g:1.1.2.24
	RELENG_6_1_0_RELEASE:1.29.2.2
	RELENG_6_1:1.29.2.2.0.2
	RELENG_6_1_BP:1.29.2.2
	tzdata2005r:1.1.2.23
	tzdata2005q:1.1.2.22
	RELENG_6_0_0_RELEASE:1.29
	RELENG_6_0:1.29.0.4
	RELENG_6_0_BP:1.29
	tzdata2005m:1.1.2.22
	tzdata2005l:1.1.2.22
	RELENG_6:1.29.0.2
	RELENG_6_BP:1.29
	RELENG_5_4_0_RELEASE:1.27.4.2
	RELENG_5_4:1.27.4.2.0.2
	RELENG_5_4_BP:1.27.4.2
	RELENG_4_11_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.8
	RELENG_4_11:1.18.2.8.0.2
	RELENG_4_11_BP:1.18.2.8
	tzdata2004g:1.1.2.21
	RELENG_5_3_0_RELEASE:1.27.6.1
	tzdata2004e:1.1.2.20
	RELENG_5_3:1.27.0.6
	RELENG_5_3_BP:1.27
	RELENG_5:1.27.0.4
	RELENG_5_BP:1.27
	RELENG_4_10_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.7
	RELENG_4_10:1.18.2.7.0.4
	RELENG_4_10_BP:1.18.2.7
	RELENG_5_2_1_RELEASE:1.27
	RELENG_5_2_0_RELEASE:1.27
	RELENG_5_2:1.27.0.2
	RELENG_5_2_BP:1.27
	RELENG_4_9_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.7
	RELENG_4_9:1.18.2.7.0.2
	RELENG_4_9_BP:1.18.2.7
	tzdata2003d:1.1.2.19
	RELENG_5_1_0_RELEASE:1.26
	RELENG_5_1:1.26.0.2
	RELENG_5_1_BP:1.26
	tzdata2003a:1.1.2.18
	RELENG_4_8_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_4_8:1.18.2.5.0.6
	RELENG_4_8_BP:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_5_0_0_RELEASE:1.25
	RELENG_5_0:1.25.0.2
	RELENG_5_0_BP:1.25
	tzdata2002d:1.1.2.17
	RELENG_4_7_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_4_7:1.18.2.5.0.4
	RELENG_4_7_BP:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_4_6_2_RELEASE:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_4_6_1_RELEASE:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_4_6_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.5
	RELENG_4_6:1.18.2.5.0.2
	RELENG_4_6_BP:1.18.2.5
	tzdata2002c:1.1.2.17
	RELENG_4_5_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.4
	RELENG_4_5:1.18.2.4.0.2
	RELENG_4_5_BP:1.18.2.4
	tzdata2001d:1.1.2.16
	RELENG_4_4_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.2
	RELENG_4_4:1.18.2.2.0.4
	RELENG_4_4_BP:1.18.2.2
	RELENG_4_3_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.2
	RELENG_4_3:1.18.2.2.0.2
	RELENG_4_3_BP:1.18.2.2
	tzdata2001b:1.1.2.15
	RELENG_4_2_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.2
	tzdata2000g:1.1.2.14
	RELENG_4_1_1_RELEASE:1.18.2.1
	PRE_SMPNG:1.20
	tzdata2000f:1.1.2.13
	RELENG_4_1_0_RELEASE:1.18.2.1
	RELENG_3_5_0_RELEASE:1.15.2.2
	tzdata2000d:1.1.2.12
	RELENG_4_0_0_RELEASE:1.18
	RELENG_4:1.18.0.2
	RELENG_4_BP:1.18
	RELENG_3_4_0_RELEASE:1.15.2.1
	RELENG_3_3_0_RELEASE:1.15.2.1
	RELENG_3_2_PAO:1.15.2.1.0.2
	RELENG_3_2_PAO_BP:1.15.2.1
	RELENG_3_2_0_RELEASE:1.15.2.1
	RELENG_3_1_0_RELEASE:1.15
	tzdata1999b:1.1.2.11
	tzdata1999a:1.1.2.10
	RELENG_3:1.15.0.2
	RELENG_3_BP:1.15
	RELENG_2_2_8_RELEASE:1.10.2.3
	RELENG_3_0_0_RELEASE:1.15
	RELENG_2_2_7_RELEASE:1.10.2.3
	RELENG_2_2_6_RELEASE:1.10.2.3
	tzdata1997i:1.1.2.9
	RELENG_2_2_5_RELEASE:1.10.2.2
	RELENG_2_2_2_RELEASE:1.10.2.2
	RELENG_2_2_1_RELEASE:1.10.2.2
	RELENG_2_2_0_RELEASE:1.10.2.2
	RELENG_2_1_7_RELEASE:1.4.4.3
	tzdata1996n:1.1.2.8
	RELENG_2_1_6_1_RELEASE:1.4.4.3
	tzdata1996l:1.1.2.7
	RELENG_2_1_6_RELEASE:1.4.4.3
	RELENG_2_2:1.10.0.2
	RELENG_2_2_BP:1.10
	tzdata96i:1.1.2.5
	RELENG_2_1_5_RELEASE:1.4.4.3
	tzdata96d:1.1.2.4
	tzdata96c:1.1.2.3
	RELENG_2_1_0_RELEASE:1.4.4.1
	tzdata95e:1.1.2.2
	RELENG_2_1_0:1.4.0.4
	RELENG_2_1_0_BP:1.4
	RELENG_2_0_5_RELEASE:1.4
	RELENG_2_0_5:1.4.0.2
	RELENG_2_0_5_BP:1.4
	RELENG_2_0_5_ALPHA:1.4
	RELEASE_2_0:1.2
	BETA_2_0:1.2
	ALPHA_2_0:1.2.0.2
	tzdata94f:1.1.2.1
	ADO:1.1.2;
locks; strict;
comment	@# @;


1.45
date	2010.02.25.06.44.16;	author edwin;	state dead;
branches
	1.45.2.1;
next	1.44;

1.44
date	2009.12.22.11.21.03;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.43;

1.43
date	2009.11.02.21.44.10;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.42;

1.42
date	2009.08.27.12.22.50;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41;

1.41
date	2009.05.27.10.02.07;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches
	1.41.2.1;
next	1.40;

1.40
date	2009.01.22.11.24.42;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.39;

1.39
date	2008.09.16.04.39.44;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.38;

1.38
date	2008.08.08.04.29.39;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.37;

1.37
date	2008.08.08.04.20.36;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.36;

1.36
date	2008.01.01.07.47.42;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35;

1.35
date	2007.08.24.13.36.20;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches
	1.35.2.1
	1.35.4.1;
next	1.34;

1.34
date	2007.05.21.04.21.58;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.33;

1.33
date	2006.10.13.10.03.23;	author ru;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.32;

1.32
date	2006.05.11.04.50.25;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.31;

1.31
date	2005.12.27.19.55.21;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.30;

1.30
date	2005.08.26.18.46.27;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29;

1.29
date	2004.12.02.23.01.25;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches
	1.29.2.1;
next	1.28;

1.28
date	2004.10.18.00.03.52;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.27;

1.27
date	2003.10.14.21.03.21;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches
	1.27.4.1
	1.27.6.1;
next	1.26;

1.26
date	2003.04.28.18.54.35;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.25;

1.25
date	2002.04.04.18.16.18;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.24;

1.24
date	2001.11.16.17.23.23;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.23;

1.23
date	2001.11.09.19.17.58;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.22;

1.22
date	2001.04.06.16.46.52;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.21;

1.21
date	2000.10.25.19.36.48;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.20;

1.20
date	2000.08.10.19.36.45;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.19;

1.19
date	2000.03.29.14.01.43;	author ru;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.18;

1.18
date	99.02.08.06.29.10;	author bde;	state Exp;
branches
	1.18.2.1;
next	1.17;

1.17
date	99.02.02.19.12.21;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.16;

1.16
date	99.01.21.21.55.54;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.15;

1.15
date	97.10.25.18.27.24;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches
	1.15.2.1;
next	1.14;

1.14
date	97.01.02.17.21.23;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.13;

1.13
date	96.12.02.17.14.46;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.12;

1.12
date	96.11.21.07.17.08;	author ache;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.11;

1.11
date	96.11.19.19.17.14;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.10;

1.10
date	96.09.29.15.32.41;	author ache;	state Exp;
branches
	1.10.2.1;
next	1.9;

1.9
date	96.07.17.20.07.41;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.8;

1.8
date	96.03.19.16.32.45;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.7;

1.7
date	96.03.02.21.47.06;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.6;

1.6
date	96.02.27.17.22.48;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.5;

1.5
date	95.08.04.16.23.07;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.4;

1.4
date	95.04.25.17.08.16;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches
	1.4.4.1;
next	1.3;

1.3
date	95.04.24.21.03.39;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.2;

1.2
date	94.09.25.23.29.38;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.1;

1.1
date	94.09.13.21.50.17;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches
	1.1.1.1
	1.1.2.1;
next	;

1.45.2.1
date	2010.02.25.06.44.16;	author svnexp;	state dead;
branches;
next	1.45.2.2;

1.45.2.2
date	2013.03.28.13.03.55;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	;

1.41.2.1
date	2009.09.09.12.19.43;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.2;

1.41.2.2
date	2009.11.04.10.46.55;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.3;

1.41.2.3
date	2009.12.29.10.07.09;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.4;

1.41.2.4
date	2010.04.05.23.43.23;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.5;

1.41.2.5
date	2010.08.01.09.08.33;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.6;

1.41.2.6
date	2011.03.16.03.34.12;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.7;

1.41.2.7
date	2011.04.03.03.43.47;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.8;

1.41.2.8
date	2011.04.26.22.15.32;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.9;

1.41.2.9
date	2011.06.28.10.27.49;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.10;

1.41.2.10
date	2011.10.12.09.16.45;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.11;

1.41.2.11
date	2011.10.25.21.58.29;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.12;

1.41.2.12
date	2011.11.01.02.03.30;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.13;

1.41.2.13
date	2012.03.25.02.19.02;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.14;

1.41.2.14
date	2012.09.13.10.25.30;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.15;

1.41.2.15
date	2012.11.17.11.07.43;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.16;

1.41.2.16
date	2013.04.20.12.22.01;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.17;

1.41.2.17
date	2013.07.07.23.22.16;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.18;

1.41.2.18
date	2013.11.05.07.22.16;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.19;

1.41.2.19
date	2014.03.11.21.21.43;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.20;

1.41.2.20
date	2014.03.29.04.24.16;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.41.2.21;

1.41.2.21
date	2014.05.13.22.21.42;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	;

1.35.2.1
date	2008.01.06.07.35.14;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.2;

1.35.2.2
date	2008.08.15.01.12.28;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.3;

1.35.2.3
date	2008.09.16.10.53.50;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.4;

1.35.2.4
date	2009.01.29.10.46.50;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.5;

1.35.2.5
date	2009.06.03.08.05.53;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.6;

1.35.2.6
date	2009.08.27.12.27.06;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.7;

1.35.2.7
date	2009.11.04.10.47.09;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.8;

1.35.2.8
date	2009.12.29.10.07.19;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.9;

1.35.2.9
date	2010.04.05.23.44.39;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.10;

1.35.2.10
date	2010.08.01.09.11.56;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.11;

1.35.2.11
date	2011.03.16.03.34.41;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.12;

1.35.2.12
date	2011.04.03.03.44.48;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.13;

1.35.2.13
date	2011.04.26.22.16.22;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.14;

1.35.2.14
date	2011.06.28.10.29.18;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.15;

1.35.2.15
date	2011.10.12.09.17.53;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.16;

1.35.2.16
date	2011.10.25.21.59.24;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.17;

1.35.2.17
date	2011.11.01.02.04.02;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.18;

1.35.2.18
date	2012.03.25.02.19.39;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.19;

1.35.2.19
date	2012.09.13.10.25.18;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.20;

1.35.2.20
date	2012.11.17.10.09.19;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.35.2.21;

1.35.2.21
date	2013.03.15.19.58.49;	author svnexp;	state Exp;
branches;
next	;

1.35.4.1
date	2008.01.06.07.36.08;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	;

1.29.2.1
date	2005.12.22.23.47.26;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29.2.2;

1.29.2.2
date	2005.12.27.19.56.24;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches
	1.29.2.2.2.1;
next	1.29.2.3;

1.29.2.3
date	2006.05.11.04.55.10;	author wollman;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29.2.4;

1.29.2.4
date	2006.10.16.11.53.21;	author ru;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29.2.5;

1.29.2.5
date	2007.09.02.01.24.08;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches
	1.29.2.5.2.1;
next	1.29.2.6;

1.29.2.6
date	2008.01.06.07.33.14;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29.2.7;

1.29.2.7
date	2008.08.15.01.18.05;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29.2.8;

1.29.2.8
date	2008.09.16.10.53.50;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
next	1.29.2.9;

1.29.2.9
date	2009.01.29.10.47.01;	author edwin;	state Exp;
branches;
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1.27.4.1
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1.18.2.1
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1.15.2.1
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1.10.2.1
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desc
@@


1.45
log
@SVN rev 204300 on 2010-02-25 06:44:16Z by edwin

Officially speaking, the zoneinfo data files are contributed data.
Therefore treat them as such.
@
text
@# <pre>
# @@(#)europe	8.25
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#	which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#	</a> (1914-03)
#
#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
#	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
#	History of Summer Time
#	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)

#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
#                   std dst  2dst
#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.


###############################################################################

# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)

# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
#
# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
# of the text said:
#
# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]

# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
#
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
# railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
# one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.

# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
#	-- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
#	</a>

# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.

# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
# From: Jonathan Leffler
# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
# politics making a fortune, not computing.

# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."

# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).

# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png

# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use `BDST'.

# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
# </a>

# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
#	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
#     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
# It actually just had one transition.
#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
#     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
#
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
#     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
#	conform with Great Britain.
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
#     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
# to London.  For example:
#
#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses

# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
# various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
#
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
#
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
# being GMT+1.)

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.

# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
#	(no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST

###############################################################################

# Europe

# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
# Common Market, etc.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# </a>

# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-

# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
#
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# The rule line to be changed is:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
#
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
# CET and MET:
#
# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
#
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
#
# A small step for mankind though 8-)
Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
#
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.

# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
#	Postfach 3345
#	D-38023 Braunschweig
#	phone: +49 531 592-0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00


# Albania
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Andorra
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Austria

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1946
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Belarus
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT

# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
#	pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
#	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Bosnia and Herzegovina
# see Serbia

# Bulgaria
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Croatia
# see Serbia

# Cyprus
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.

# Czech Republic
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
			 0:00	-	WET	1981
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.

# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
# Scoresbysund			UTC-1
# Danmarkshavn			UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
#
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
			0:00	-	GMT
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
			-4:00	Thule	A%sT

# Estonia
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
#
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.''

# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).

# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that.

# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.

# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Finland
#
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


# France

# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987


#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Germany

# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]

# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# </a>
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
# Go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S

Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.

# Gibraltar
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1982
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Greece
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Hungary
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Iceland
#
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
#
# (1993-12-05):
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
# Iceland Almanak.
#
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
#
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
#
# (1993-12-10):
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
#	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
#	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
# might mean something else (???).
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
			 0:00	-	GMT

# Italy
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino

# Latvia

# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):

# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
#
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
#
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.

# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).

# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Liechtenstein
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
			1:00	-	CET	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Lithuania

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.

# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.

# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Macedonia
# see Serbia

# Malta
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Moldova

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Monaco
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Montenegro
# see Serbia

# Netherlands

# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.

# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
#
# (2001-04-08):
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
#
# (2001-04-09):
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
# actually followed.
#
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
#
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.

# The data before 1945 are taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Norway
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Svalbard & Jan Mayen

# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen

# Poland
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Portugal
#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada
			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT

# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Russia

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
#
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
#
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
#
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
#
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.

Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time

#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# ...some regions of RUssia were merged with others since 2005...
# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.

Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
#
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
#
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT

# Serbia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia

# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava

# Slovenia
# see Serbia

# Spain
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
			 0:00	-	WET	1924
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	CET	1986
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.

# Sweden

# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
# hour before the event took place.
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
			1:00	-	CET	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Switzerland
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-

# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
#
# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
#
# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
# other years are made.
#
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
#
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata:
# The zone file
# Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12
#                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
#                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981
#                          1:00    EU      CE%sT
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12
			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Turkey

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm

# From Sue Williams (2008-08-11):
# I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey.
#
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1
# </a>

# From Sue Williams (2008-08-20):
# This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to
# adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently.
# The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition
# to stopping observance of DST.
# This proposal has not yet been approved.
#
# Read more here...
#
# Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011
# <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989">
# http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989
# </a>

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.

# Ukraine
#
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Kiev" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	-	CET	1940
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

###############################################################################

# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
#
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
# uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)

# ...
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
# From: Tom Hofmann
# ...
#
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
# most European coun[tr]ies started DST.  Before that year, only
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
# to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# years...
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
#
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
# ...

# ...
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
# From: Dik T. Winter
# ...
#
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
# about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.
#
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
# the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
# dates...
#
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
# in advance of normal time.
#
# ...
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
# ...

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
# Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
# ...
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
# ...
@


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@a0 2856
# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@@iana.org for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#	which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#	</a> (1914-03)
#
#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
#	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
#	History of Summer Time
#	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)

#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
#                   std dst  2dst
#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.


###############################################################################

# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)

# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
#
# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
# of the text said:
#
# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]

# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
#
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
# railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
# one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.

# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
#	-- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
#	</a>

# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
#
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.

# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
# From: Jonathan Leffler
# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
# politics making a fortune, not computing.

# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."

# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).

# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png

# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use `BDST'.

# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
# </a>
# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
# exists, and the article can now be found at:
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# </a>

# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
#	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
#     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
# It actually just had one transition.
#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
#     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
#
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
#     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
#	conform with Great Britain.
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
#     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
#
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
# to London.  For example:
#
#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses

# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
# various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
#
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
#
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
# being GMT+1.)

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.

# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Summer Time Act, 1916
Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
#	(no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST

###############################################################################

# Europe

# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
# Common Market, etc.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# </a>

# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-

# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
#
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# The rule line to be changed is:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
#
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
# CET and MET:
#
# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
#
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
#
# A small step for mankind though 8-)
Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
#
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
# </a>
#
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.

# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.

# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
#	Postfach 3345
#	D-38023 Braunschweig
#	phone: +49 531 592-0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00


# Albania
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Andorra
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Austria

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1946
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Belarus
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
# 1.
# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# </a>
# 2.
# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
# </a>
# 3.
# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
# </a>
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time

# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
#	pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
#	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Bosnia and Herzegovina
# see Serbia

# Bulgaria
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Croatia
# see Serbia

# Cyprus
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.

# Czech Republic
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
			 0:00	-	WET	1981
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.

# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
# Scoresbysund			UTC-1
# Danmarkshavn			UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
#
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
			0:00	-	GMT
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
			-4:00	Thule	A%sT

# Estonia
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
#
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.''

# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).

# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that.

# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.

# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Finland

# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...

# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
#
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
#
# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
# </a>
#
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
#
# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
# </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


# France

# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987


#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Germany

# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]

# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# </a>
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.


# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
# Go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S

Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.

# Gibraltar
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1982
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Greece
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Hungary
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Iceland
#
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
#
# (1993-12-05):
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
# Iceland Almanak.
#
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
#
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
#
# (1993-12-10):
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
#	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
#	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
# might mean something else (???).
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
			 0:00	-	GMT

# Italy
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino

# Latvia

# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):

# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
#
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
#
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.

# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).

# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Liechtenstein
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
			1:00	-	CET	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Lithuania

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.

# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.

# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Luxembourg
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Macedonia
# see Serbia

# Malta
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Moldova

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
# </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
#
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
# </a>


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Monaco
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Montenegro
# see Serbia

# Netherlands

# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.

# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
#
# (2001-04-08):
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
#
# (2001-04-09):
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
# actually followed.
#
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
#
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.

# The data before 1945 are taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Norway
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Svalbard & Jan Mayen

# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen

# Poland
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Portugal
#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada
			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT

# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Russia

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
#
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
#
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	MSK
#
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SAMT

#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	OMST
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
#
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.

Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time

#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 8:00	-	KRAT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 9:00	-	IRKT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.

Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 10:00	-	YAKT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT
#
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	SAKT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	PETT
#
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT

# Serbia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia

# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava

# Slovenia
# see Serbia

# Spain
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
			 0:00	-	WET	1924
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	CET	1986
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.

# Sweden

# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
# hour before the event took place.
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
			1:00	-	CET	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Switzerland
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-

# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
#
# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
#
# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
# other years are made.
#
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
#
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata:
# The zone file
# Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12
#                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
#                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981
#                          1:00    EU      CE%sT
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12
			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Turkey

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm

# From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):
#
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
#
# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
# </a>
# Turkish:
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
# </a>

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.

# Ukraine
#
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
# </a>
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
# </a>
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">
# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
# </a>
#
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
# time this year after all.
#
# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
# to Russia) was reverted today:
#
# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
# </a>
#
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
# The law documents themselves are at
#
# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
# </a>


# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Kiev" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	-	CET	1940
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

###############################################################################

# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
#
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
# uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)

# ...
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
# From: Tom Hofmann
# ...
#
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
# most European coun[tr]ies started DST.  Before that year, only
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
# to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# years...
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
#
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
# ...

# ...
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
# From: Dik T. Winter
# ...
#
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
# about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.
#
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
# the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
# dates...
#
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
# in advance of normal time.
#
# ...
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
# ...

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
# Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
# ...
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
# ...
@


1.44
log
@SVN rev 200835 on 2009-12-22 11:21:03Z by edwin

MFV of tzcode2009t, r200833

Comment only, no data changes.

MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@@


1.43
log
@SVN rev 198825 on 2009-11-02 21:44:10Z by edwin

MFV of tzdata2009q:

- New region: Asia/Novokuznetsk
- Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current
  time zone on 29 March 2010
- Add historical data for Hongkong 1941 - 1980
- Syria will go to winter time in the last weekend of October 2009.

MFC after:	2 days
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.24
d2133 7
d2141 1
a2141 1
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
d2143 1
a2143 1
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
d2145 2
a2146 1
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
d2156 3
a2158 1
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
d2179 4
a2182 2
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
@


1.42
log
@SVN rev 196581 on 2009-08-27 12:22:50Z by edwin

MFV of r195792:

Import of tzdata2009k to head.

- Changes in Mauritius and Bangladesh
- No leapsecond at the end of December 2009
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.22
d2075 34
d2111 1
a2111 1
# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
@


1.41
log
@SVN rev 192886 on 2009-05-27 10:02:07Z by edwin

MFV of tzdata2009h:

- Fix coordinates of Africa/Gaborone, Pacific/Noumea, Pacific/Tongatapu,
  Europe/Vatican

- Fix URLs (=3D -> = etc)

- Jordan doesn't go at last Friday of March 00:00 but no last
  Thursday of March 24:00

- Specifically state license for the data: public domain

MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.21
d462 1
a462 1
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html">
@


1.41.2.1
log
@SVN rev 197038 on 2009-09-09 12:19:43Z by edwin

MFC of r196581 r196582 r197000
Import of tzdata 2009k, 2009l and 2009m

- Changes in Mauritius and Bangladesh
- No leapsecond at the end of December 2009

- Egypt will go to Wintertime on 21 August 2009

- Samoa will go in DST on 4 October 2009 till 28 March 2010
- Palestine will go back from DST on 4 September 2009

Approved by:	re (kostik)
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.22
d462 1
a462 1
# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
@


1.41.2.2
log
@SVN rev 198878 on 2009-11-04 10:46:55Z by edwin

MFC of r198825: tzdata2009q

- New region: Asia/Novokuznetsk
- Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current
  time zone on 29 March 2010
- Add historical data for Hongkong 1941 - 1980
- Syria will go to winter time in the last weekend of October 2009.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.24
a2074 34

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
#
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.

Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time

d2077 1
a2077 1
# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
@


1.41.2.3
log
@SVN rev 201185 on 2009-12-29 10:07:09Z by edwin

MFC of r200835, tzcode2009t

Comment only, no data changes.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.25
a2132 7

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# ...some regions of RUssia were merged with others since 2005...
# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
d2134 1
a2134 1
# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
d2136 1
a2136 1
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
d2138 1
a2138 2
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.

d2148 1
a2148 3

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
d2169 2
a2170 4

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
@


1.41.2.4
log
@SVN rev 206221 on 2010-04-05 23:43:23Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2010h:

From tzdata2010h:

- Tunis will not go into DST this year.
- Pakistan will not go into DST this year.

From tzdata2010g:

- Bangladesh cancels DST.
- Palestine goes into DST one day later than expected.

- Russian timezones update:
  Europe/Samara goes to Moscow time.
  Asia/Kamchatka goes to Moscow+8 time.
  Asia/Anadyr goes to Moscow+8 time.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.26
d2044 1
a2044 3
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT

d2197 1
a2197 2
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT
d2205 1
a2205 2
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT
@


1.41.2.5
log
@SVN rev 210719 on 2010-08-01 09:08:33Z by edwin

MFC of 210718, tzdata2010k:

- Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during Ramadan.
- Proper names for Pacific/Pohnpei and Pacific/Chuuk
- Fix historical information for Finland for 1981 and 1982
- No leap-second for December 2010.
- Fix historical information for Ontario (Canada)
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.27
d1016 1
a1016 1

a1019 2

# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
d1021 3
a1023 12
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
#
# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
# </a>
a1024 12
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
#
# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
# </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."

a1027 2
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
d1031 1
a1031 1
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
@


1.41.2.6
log
@SVN rev 219688 on 2011-03-16 03:34:12Z by edwin

MFC of 219687, tzdata2011d:

- Pacific/Apia will have DST on 2 April instead of 3 April in 2011.
- Turkye will go to DST on 28 April instead of 27 April in 2011.
- Cuba will go to DST on 20 April in 2011.

Obtained from:  ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.28
d2486 5
a2490 8
# From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):
# 
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
# 
# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
d2492 13
a2504 3
# Turkish:
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
a2571 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
@


1.41.2.7
log
@SVN rev 220287 on 2011-04-03 03:43:47Z by edwin

MFC of 220286, tzdata2011e:

Change for Africa/Casablanca:
- The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
- The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00

Update for SouthAmerica/Chili:
- Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
  of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
  August, not in October as they have since 1968. This is a pilot plan
  which will be reevaluated in 2012.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.31
@


1.41.2.8
log
@SVN rev 221093 on 2011-04-26 22:15:32Z by edwin

MFC of 221092, tzdata2011g

- Egypt has cancelled the move to DST for now.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.32
d149 1
a149 1
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
d1789 1
a1789 1
# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
@


1.41.2.9
log
@SVN rev 223630 on 2011-06-28 10:27:49Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2011h, r223629

- Russia scraps DST in 2011
- Remove Netherlands Antilles, add Bonaire, Curacao, Sint Maarten
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.33
a567 20
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
# 
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 
# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
# </a>
# 
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.
# At least for now, keep the "old" Russia rules for the benefit of Belarus.

d2016 1
a2016 2
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 3:00	-	EET
d2045 1
a2045 2
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	MSK
d2058 1
a2058 2
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT
d2070 1
a2070 2
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SAMT
d2083 1
a2083 2
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d2091 1
a2091 2
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	OMST
d2101 1
a2101 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT
d2134 1
a2134 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
d2145 1
a2145 2
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 8:00	-	KRAT
d2155 1
a2155 2
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 9:00	-	IRKT
d2178 1
a2178 2
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 10:00	-	YAKT
d2191 1
a2191 2
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT
d2201 1
a2201 2
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	SAKT
d2214 1
a2214 2
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT
d2225 1
a2225 2
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	PETT
d2234 1
a2234 2
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT
@


1.41.2.10
log
@SVN rev 226290 on 2011-10-12 09:16:45Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2011l, 226289

Changes in 2011i:

    Africa
    - Added South Sudan: Africa/Juba

    Australasia:
    - Samoa will go forward 24 hours at 30 December 2011 to better match
      the day of the week with its neighbours.

    Europe:
    - Europe/Kaliningrad will have the timezone KALT.

    North America:
    - Updates to Metlakatla historical data
    - Newfoundland, Labrador and Resolute will do something which I
      can't figure out.

    iso3166tab;
    - Add SS for South Sudan.

Changes in 2011j:

    - Samoa will go from 29 December 23:59:59 to 31 December 00:00:00.
    - Samoa DST will end on 1 April 2012

Changes in 2011k:

    - Gaza / West Bank goes back to standard time on 02 August 2011.
    - West Bank went bac kto DST on 30 August 2011.
    - Lots of changes in Minsk (GMT+3 without DST) and other Russian
      regions. A new timezone has been created for them, FET: Further-eastern
      European Time aka GMT+3.
    - Add Asian/Hebron to the zone.tab file.

Changes in 2011l:

    - West Bank came out of DST on 30 September 2011.
    - Fiji will g oin DST on 23 October and out of it on 26 Februari
    - State Bahia might go back to DST in 16 October 2011

    Due to legal problems, ado and Paul Eggert have to temporary suspend
    their work on the timezone database
    (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/4133). Their work has
    been continued by volunteers on the tz community and the hosting
    of the data files is done by Robert Elz at ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/.

Obtained from:	ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.38
d564 1
a564 1
Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d566 1
a566 1
Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d586 1
a691 17
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
# 1.
# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# </a>
# 2.
# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
# </a>
# 3.
# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
# </a>
d703 1
a703 2
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2037 1
a2037 1
			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2192 1
a2192 1
# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
a2615 22
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
# </a>
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
# </a>
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">
# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
# </a>

d2629 1
a2629 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2643 1
a2643 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2656 1
a2656 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2681 1
a2681 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
@


1.41.2.11
log
@SVN rev 226753 on 2011-10-25 21:58:29Z by edwin

MFC of 226752, tzdata2011m

Europe:
- Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
  "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
  to the Winter Time).
- The recent change to the Ukranian time zone (Europe/Kiev) to
  introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar to Russia) was
  reverted.

South America:
- Bahia: The President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
  time.

zone.tab:
- Add Europe/Tiraspol Pridnestrovie

Obtained from:  ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.39
a1657 23
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
# </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
#
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
a1673 15
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time

a2653 22
#
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
# time this year after all.
#
# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
# to Russia) was reverted today:
#
# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
# </a>
#
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
# The law documents themselves are at
#
# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
# </a>

d2668 2
a2669 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2683 2
a2684 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2697 2
a2698 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2723 2
a2724 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@


1.41.2.12
log
@SVN rev 226977 on 2011-11-01 02:03:30Z by edwin

MFC of 226976, tzdata2011n

- Fiji will end DST on 22 January 2012.
- Moldova split into two timezones has been cancelled.
- Cuba will end DST on 13 November 2011

Obtained from:	 ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.40
a1680 12
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST this winter. 
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
# </a>

d1697 15
@


1.41.2.13
log
@SVN rev 233448 on 2012-03-25 02:19:02Z by edwin

MFC of r233445, tzdata2012a

- Updates to various locations in Antarctica.
- Armenia will abolish DST this year.
- Not only Samoa has moved to UTC+14, also Fakaofo did.
- There will be a leap second in 30 June 2012.
- Historical updates of 1918 to Canada, Winn, Regina, Edm, Vanc, Creston.
- Chili stays on DST until 28 April 2012
- The Falkland islands will stay on DST this year.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.41
d214 1
a214 2
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
a216 5
# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
# exists, and the article can now be found at:
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# </a>
d1154 1
a1154 1
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
d1157 1
a1157 1
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
@


1.41.2.14
log
@SVN rev 240460 on 2012-09-13 10:25:30Z by edwin

MFC of 240457, tzdata2012f

 - Pacific/Fiji will go into DST from 21 October 2012 till 20 January 2013.
 - Fix offset for Pacific/Tokelau.
 - Gaza and West Bank had DST from 29 March to 28 September 2012.
 - Syria has DST from April till October
 - Morocco had DST from April to September 2012 except for 20 July to 20 August.
 - Cuba changed to DST from 1 April 2012 only.
 - Haiti has DST between 8 March and 1 November in 2012.

  Obtained from:  ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
d578 2
a579 2
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
d583 1
a583 1
#
d1691 1
a1691 1
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
d2581 1
a2581 1
#
d2585 1
a2585 1
#
d2702 1
a2702 1
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
@


1.41.2.15
log
@## SVN ##
## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/ 243006
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
## SVN ##
## SVN ## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
## SVN ## r243006 | edwin | 2012-11-13 21:20:30 +0000 (Tue, 13 Nov 2012) | 4 lines
## SVN ##
## SVN ## Merge of current of tzdata2012j
## SVN ##
## SVN ## - Libya went to Standard Time on 10 November 2012
## SVN ##
## SVN ## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
## SVN ##
@
text
@d7 1
a7 1
# tz@@iana.org for general use in the future).
@


1.41.2.16
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/249695
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@a32 6
#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
#	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
#	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
#	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
#	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@@iana.org.
#
a668 2
# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.

d686 1
a686 1
Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
a1241 15
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.

Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen

a2045 64
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
# </a>
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
# </a>

# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
# </a>
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
# </a>
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.

d2273 2
a2274 1
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
a2280 19

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
#
Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
			10:00	-	YAKT

d2299 1
a2299 1
# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
d2306 1
a2306 13

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
			11:00	-	VLAT

@


1.41.2.17
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/253011
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@d526 1
a526 1
# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
d2782 1
a2782 1
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
d2784 1
a2784 1
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
d2818 1
a2818 1
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
@


1.41.2.18
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/257683
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@d45 1
a45 1
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
d99 1
a99 1
# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
d143 1
a143 1
# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
d168 1
a168 1
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
d171 1
a171 1
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
d211 1
a211 1
# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
d213 1
a213 1
# so we use 'BDST'.
a433 2
#
# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
d800 1
a800 1
# See Europe/Belgrade.
d828 1
a828 1
# See Europe/Belgrade.
d831 1
a831 1
# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
a847 1
# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
d1011 1
a1011 1
# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
d1016 1
a1016 1
# summer time next spring."
d1071 1
a1071 1
# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
d1128 1
a1128 1
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
d1418 1
a1418 1
# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
d1564 4
a1567 16

# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.

# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
#    ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
#    introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland.  From 1943 on
#    central European time was in force throughout the year.
#    From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
#    regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.

Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz

d1655 1
a1655 1
# See Europe/Belgrade.
d1748 1
a1748 1
# See Europe/Belgrade.
d1863 1
a1863 1
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
d1874 1
a1874 1
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
d1887 3
a1889 2
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
# for these regions.
d2147 1
a2147 1
# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
a2445 3
# San Marino
# See Europe/Rome.

d2468 1
a2468 1
# See Europe/Belgrade.
d2602 1
a2602 1
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
d2647 6
a2652 1
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
a2656 35
#
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
# The Federal regulations say
# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.

# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
# hour before the beginning of service.

# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
#
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
#
#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
#	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
#	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
# (Google translation).  For now, model this transition as occurring on
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
d2662 2
a2663 2
Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
d2887 1
a2887 1
# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
a2900 3
# Vatican City
# See Europe/Rome.

@


1.41.2.19
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/263043
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@d2748 2
d2751 1
d2753 1
d2755 1
a2755 9

# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
# Turkish Local election....
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
# Here is an English-language source:
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
a2823 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31 1:00u
d2845 1
d2847 1
d2850 1
d2852 1
d2855 1
d2857 1
d2868 2
d2871 1
d2875 2
d2878 1
a2879 27
# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
#       03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1       Time Zone 3 with DST
#       07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
#
# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
# "summer time" was still in action):
#       09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
#
# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
#       03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
#
# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
#       09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0       Time Zone 2, no DST
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
# This is an answer.
#
# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
#       03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1       DST started
#       09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0       DST ended
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
d2890 3
a2892 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 3:00
@


1.41.2.20
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/263904
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@d2966 1
a2966 5
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30 2:00
			4:00	-	MSK
@


1.41.2.21
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/265981
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@a2968 4
# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
@


1.40
log
@SVN rev 187588 on 2009-01-22 11:24:42Z by edwin

MFV of tzdata2009a

- Asia/Katmandu -> Asia/Kathmandu
- Fix historical references to DST in Switzerland
- Correct rules for America/Resolute (Nunavut)
- Cuba didn't have DST in 2005.

MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@a0 1
# @@(#)europe	8.20
d2 3
@


1.39
log
@SVN rev 183066 on 2008-09-16 04:39:44Z by edwin

MFV of tzdata2008c:

Changes for Mauritius, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Argentina and Brazil.

Approved by:	bde@@ (implicit)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.18
d2316 2
a2317 2
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
d2319 55
a2373 2
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
@


1.38
log
@SVN rev 181424 on 2008-08-08 04:29:39Z by edwin

MFV on tzdata2008e:

- Fix dates in 2008/2009 for Africa/Mauritius.
- Leap second notification for the end of 2008.

Approved by:	bde (mentor, implicit), des
MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.17
d2356 21
@


1.37
log
@SVN rev 181421 on 2008-08-08 04:20:36Z by edwin

MFV of tzdata2008d

- Mauritius will have a DST experiment between 2008-11-01 and 2009-03-31.
- Add/Fix historical data for C-Eur, the SovietZone, Germany,
  Bahamas, San Luis.
- Add information about West Para (America/Santarem)
- America/Eirunepe and America/Rio_Branco go to UTC-4

Approved by:	bde (mentor, implicit), des
MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.14
d486 39
a524 1
Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00	0	-
d767 2
a768 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  3:00
d1136 2
a1137 2
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
d1246 1
a1246 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  1 23:00
d2163 2
a2164 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
@


1.36
log
@MFV of tzdata2007k.

- Adjust Argentinian DST times.
- Add SJ on the right location.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d460 1
a460 1
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
d483 1
a483 1
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
d486 1
d1103 2
a1110 4
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
d1114 4
a1117 1
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
d1122 5
d1129 2
a1130 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr 2 2:00
@


1.35
log
@MFV: tzdata2007g

PR:		conf/115706
Submitted by:	edwin@@
Approved by:	re (bmah@@)
Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.11
a1716 1
Link	Europe/Oslo	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
@


1.35.4.1
log
@MFC of tzdata2007k.

Approved by:	re (ken smith)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


1.35.2.1
log
@MFC of tzdata2007k.

Approved by:	re (ken smith)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


1.35.2.2
log
@SVN rev 181744 on 2008-08-15 01:12:28Z by edwin

MFC of r180208, r181413, r181418, r181421, r181424

  Set magic fbsd:nokeywords property

  Remove Theory, which isn't part of the zoneinfo module but came out
  of /head/usr.sbin/zic (and isn't installed from there neither).

  MFC of tzdata2008c

  - Africa/Morocco will have DST in 2008.
  - Asia/Choibalsan should be GMT+08:00.
  - Asia/Pakistan will have DST in 2008.

  MFC of tzdata2008d

  - Mauritius will have a DST experiment between 2008-11-01 and 2009-03-31.
  - Add/Fix historical data for C-Eur, the SovietZone, Germany,
    Bahamas, San Luis.
  - Add information about West Para (America/Santarem)
  - America/Eirunepe and America/Rio_Branco go to UTC-4

  MFC on tzdata2008e:

  - Fix dates in 2008/2009 for Africa/Mauritius.
  - Leap second notification for the end of 2008.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.17
d460 1
a460 1
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html">
d483 1
a483 1
Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
a485 39
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
#
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# The rule line to be changed is:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
#
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
# CET and MET:
#
# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
#
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
#
# A small step for mankind though 8-)
Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
d728 1
a728 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
d1096 2
a1097 2
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
a1101 2
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# </a>
d1108 4
d1115 1
a1115 4
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
# Go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
a1119 5

Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-

d1122 1
a1122 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
d1199 1
a1199 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
d2116 1
a2116 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
@


1.35.2.3
log
@SVN rev 183068 on 2008-09-16 10:53:50Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2008f - SVN rev 183066:

Changes for Mauritius, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Argentina and Brazil.

Approved by:	re (kib@@)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.18
a2355 21
# From Sue Williams (2008-08-11):
# I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey.
#
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1
# </a>

# From Sue Williams (2008-08-20):
# This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to
# adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently.
# The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition
# to stopping observance of DST.
# This proposal has not yet been approved.
#
# Read more here...
#
# Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011
# <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989">
# http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989
# </a>

@


1.35.2.4
log
@SVN rev 187884 on 2009-01-29 10:46:50Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2009a

- Asia/Katmandu -> Asia/Kathmandu
- Fix historical references to DST in Switzerland
- Correct rules for America/Resolute (Nunavut)
- Cuba didn't have DST in 2005.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.20
d2316 2
a2317 2
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
d2319 2
a2320 55
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-

# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
#
# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
#
# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
# other years are made.
#
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
#
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata:
# The zone file
# Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12
#                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
#                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981
#                          1:00    EU      CE%sT
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
@


1.35.2.5
log
@SVN rev 193367 on 2009-06-03 08:05:53Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2009h:

- Fix coordinates of Africa/Gaborone, Pacific/Noumea, Pacific/Tongatapu,
  Europe/Vatican

- Fix URLs (=3D -> = etc)

- Jordan doesn't go at last Friday of March 00:00 but no last
  Thursday of March 24:00

- Specifically state license for the data: public domain
@
text
@d1 1
a2 3
# @@(#)europe	8.21
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
@


1.35.2.6
log
@SVN rev 196583 on 2009-08-27 12:27:06Z by edwin

MFC of r196581: Import of tzdata2009k

- Changes in Mauritius and Bangladesh
- No leapsecond at the end of December 2009
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.22
d462 1
a462 1
# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
@


1.35.2.7
log
@SVN rev 198880 on 2009-11-04 10:47:09Z by edwin

MFC of r198825: tzdata2009q

- New region: Asia/Novokuznetsk
- Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current
  time zone on 29 March 2010
- Add historical data for Hongkong 1941 - 1980
- Syria will go to winter time in the last weekend of October 2009.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.24
a2074 34

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
#
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.

Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time

d2077 1
a2077 1
# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
@


1.35.2.8
log
@SVN rev 201186 on 2009-12-29 10:07:19Z by edwin

MFC of r200835, tzcode2009t

Comment only, no data changes.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.25
a2132 7

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# ...some regions of RUssia were merged with others since 2005...
# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
d2134 1
a2134 1
# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
d2136 1
a2136 1
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
d2138 1
a2138 2
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.

d2148 1
a2148 3

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
d2169 2
a2170 4

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
@


1.35.2.9
log
@SVN rev 206222 on 2010-04-05 23:44:39Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2010h:

From tzdata2010h:

- Tunis will not go into DST this year.
- Pakistan will not go into DST this year.

From tzdata2010g:

- Bangladesh cancels DST.
- Palestine goes into DST one day later than expected.

- Russian timezones update:
  Europe/Samara goes to Moscow time.
  Asia/Kamchatka goes to Moscow+8 time.
  Asia/Anadyr goes to Moscow+8 time.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.26
d2044 1
a2044 3
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT

d2197 1
a2197 2
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT
d2205 1
a2205 2
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT
@


1.35.2.10
log
@SVN rev 210721 on 2010-08-01 09:11:56Z by edwin

MFC of 210718, tzdata2010k:

- Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during Ramadan.
- Proper names for Pacific/Pohnpei and Pacific/Chuuk
- Fix historical information for Finland for 1981 and 1982
- No leap-second for December 2010.
- Fix historical information for Ontario (Canada)
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.27
d1016 1
a1016 1

a1019 2

# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
d1021 3
a1023 12
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
#
# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
# </a>
a1024 12
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
#
# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
# </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."

a1027 2
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
d1031 1
a1031 1
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
@


1.35.2.11
log
@SVN rev 219689 on 2011-03-16 03:34:41Z by edwin

MFC of 219687, tzdata2011d:

- Pacific/Apia will have DST on 2 April instead of 3 April in 2011.
- Turkye will go to DST on 28 April instead of 27 April in 2011.
- Cuba will go to DST on 20 April in 2011.

Obtained from:  ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.28
d2486 5
a2490 8
# From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):
# 
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
# 
# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
d2492 13
a2504 3
# Turkish:
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
a2571 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
@


1.35.2.12
log
@SVN rev 220288 on 2011-04-03 03:44:48Z by edwin

MFC of 220286, tzdata2011e:

Change for Africa/Casablanca:
- The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
- The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00

Update for SouthAmerica/Chili:
- Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
  of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
  August, not in October as they have since 1968. This is a pilot plan
  which will be reevaluated in 2012.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.31
@


1.35.2.13
log
@SVN rev 221094 on 2011-04-26 22:16:22Z by edwin

MFC of 221092, tzdata2011g

- Egypt has cancelled the move to DST for now.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.32
d149 1
a149 1
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
d1789 1
a1789 1
# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
@


1.35.2.14
log
@SVN rev 223631 on 2011-06-28 10:29:18Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2011h, r223629

- Russia scraps DST in 2011
- Remove Netherlands Antilles, add Bonaire, Curacao, Sint Maarten
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.33
a567 20
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
# 
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 
# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
# </a>
# 
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.
# At least for now, keep the "old" Russia rules for the benefit of Belarus.

d2016 1
a2016 2
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 3:00	-	EET
d2045 1
a2045 2
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	MSK
d2058 1
a2058 2
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT
d2070 1
a2070 2
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SAMT
d2083 1
a2083 2
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d2091 1
a2091 2
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	OMST
d2101 1
a2101 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT
d2134 1
a2134 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
d2145 1
a2145 2
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 8:00	-	KRAT
d2155 1
a2155 2
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 9:00	-	IRKT
d2178 1
a2178 2
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 10:00	-	YAKT
d2191 1
a2191 2
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT
d2201 1
a2201 2
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	SAKT
d2214 1
a2214 2
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT
d2225 1
a2225 2
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	PETT
d2234 1
a2234 2
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT
@


1.35.2.15
log
@SVN rev 226292 on 2011-10-12 09:17:53Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2011l, 226289

Changes in 2011i:

    Africa
    - Added South Sudan: Africa/Juba

    Australasia:
    - Samoa will go forward 24 hours at 30 December 2011 to better match
      the day of the week with its neighbours.

    Europe:
    - Europe/Kaliningrad will have the timezone KALT.

    North America:
    - Updates to Metlakatla historical data
    - Newfoundland, Labrador and Resolute will do something which I
      can't figure out.

    iso3166tab;
    - Add SS for South Sudan.

Changes in 2011j:

    - Samoa will go from 29 December 23:59:59 to 31 December 00:00:00.
    - Samoa DST will end on 1 April 2012

Changes in 2011k:

    - Gaza / West Bank goes back to standard time on 02 August 2011.
    - West Bank went bac kto DST on 30 August 2011.
    - Lots of changes in Minsk (GMT+3 without DST) and other Russian
      regions. A new timezone has been created for them, FET: Further-eastern
      European Time aka GMT+3.
    - Add Asian/Hebron to the zone.tab file.

Changes in 2011l:

    - West Bank came out of DST on 30 September 2011.
    - Fiji will g oin DST on 23 October and out of it on 26 Februari
    - State Bahia might go back to DST in 16 October 2011

    Due to legal problems, ado and Paul Eggert have to temporary suspend
    their work on the timezone database
    (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/4133). Their work has
    been continued by volunteers on the tz community and the hosting
    of the data files is done by Robert Elz at ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/.

Obtained from:	ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.38
d564 1
a564 1
Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d566 1
a566 1
Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d586 1
a691 17
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
# 1.
# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# </a>
# 2.
# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
# </a>
# 3.
# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
# </a>
d703 1
a703 2
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2037 1
a2037 1
			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2192 1
a2192 1
# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
a2615 22
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
# </a>
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
# </a>
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">
# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
# </a>

d2629 1
a2629 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2643 1
a2643 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2656 1
a2656 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2681 1
a2681 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
@


1.35.2.16
log
@SVN rev 226754 on 2011-10-25 21:59:24Z by edwin

MFC of 226752, tzdata2011m

Europe:
- Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
  "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
  to the Winter Time).
- The recent change to the Ukranian time zone (Europe/Kiev) to
  introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar to Russia) was
  reverted.

South America:
- Bahia: The President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
  time.

zone.tab:
- Add Europe/Tiraspol Pridnestrovie

Obtained from:  ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.39
a1657 23
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
# </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
#
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
a1673 15
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time

a2653 22
#
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
# time this year after all.
#
# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
# to Russia) was reverted today:
#
# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
# </a>
#
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
# The law documents themselves are at
#
# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
# </a>

d2668 2
a2669 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2683 2
a2684 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2697 2
a2698 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2723 2
a2724 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@


1.35.2.17
log
@SVN rev 226978 on 2011-11-01 02:04:02Z by edwin

MFC of 226976, tzdata2011n

- Fiji will end DST on 22 January 2012.
- Moldova split into two timezones has been cancelled.
- Cuba will end DST on 13 November 2011

Obtained from:	 ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.40
a1680 12
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST this winter. 
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
# </a>

d1697 15
@


1.35.2.18
log
@SVN rev 233449 on 2012-03-25 02:19:39Z by edwin

MFC of r233445, tzdata2012a

- Updates to various locations in Antarctica.
- Armenia will abolish DST this year.
- Not only Samoa has moved to UTC+14, also Fakaofo did.
- There will be a leap second in 30 June 2012.
- Historical updates of 1918 to Canada, Winn, Regina, Edm, Vanc, Creston.
- Chili stays on DST until 28 April 2012
- The Falkland islands will stay on DST this year.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.41
d214 1
a214 2
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
a216 5
# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
# exists, and the article can now be found at:
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# </a>
d1154 1
a1154 1
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
d1157 1
a1157 1
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
@


1.35.2.19
log
@SVN rev 240459 on 2012-09-13 10:25:18Z by edwin

iMFC of 240457, tzdata2012f

 - Pacific/Fiji will go into DST from 21 October 2012 till 20 January 2013.
 - Fix offset for Pacific/Tokelau.
 - Gaza and West Bank had DST from 29 March to 28 September 2012.
 - Syria has DST from April till October
 - Morocco had DST from April to September 2012 except for 20 July to 20 August.
 - Cuba changed to DST from 1 April 2012 only.
 - Haiti has DST between 8 March and 1 November in 2012.

Obtained from:  ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
d578 2
a579 2
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
d583 1
a583 1
#
d1691 1
a1691 1
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
d2581 1
a2581 1
#
d2585 1
a2585 1
#
d2702 1
a2702 1
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
@


1.35.2.20
log
@## SVN ##
## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/ 243005
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
## SVN ##
## SVN ## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
## SVN ## r243005 | edwin | 2012-11-13 21:15:11 +0000 (Tue, 13 Nov 2012) | 4 lines
## SVN ##
## SVN ## Merge of current of tzdata2012j
## SVN ##
## SVN ## - Libya went to Standard Time on 10 November 2012
## SVN ##
## SVN ## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
## SVN ##
@
text
@d7 1
a7 1
# tz@@iana.org for general use in the future).
@


1.35.2.21
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/248309
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@a32 6
#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
#	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
#	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
#	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
#	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@@iana.org.
#
a668 2
# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.

d686 1
a686 1
Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
a1241 15
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.

Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen

a2045 64
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
# </a>
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
# </a>

# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
# </a>
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
# </a>
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.

d2273 2
a2274 1
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
a2280 19

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
#
Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
			10:00	-	YAKT

d2299 1
a2299 1
# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
d2306 1
a2306 13

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
			11:00	-	VLAT

@


1.34
log
@MFV: tzdata2007f

PR:		conf/109418
Requested by:	edwin@@
Obtained from:	Arthur David Olson, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2007f.tar.gz
MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.10
d447 1
a447 1
# Continental Europe
d2389 2
d2402 2
d2416 4
a2419 1
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
@


1.33
log
@MFV.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.6
d262 1
a262 1
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include 
d264 1
a264 1
# 
d266 1
a266 1
# 
d269 1
a269 1
# 
d273 1
a273 1
# 
d280 3
a282 3
# 
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these 
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 
d284 4
a287 4
# 
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 
d757 1
a757 1
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
d812 1
a812 1
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
d2281 28
d2363 5
d2373 1
a2373 2
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1986
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
@


1.32
log
@Merge from vendor branch.

Updates to historic rules only for: part of Alaska, Algeria, Bulgaria,
Colombia, Easter Island, Italy, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Montserrat,
Puerto Rico, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Spain, part of North Dakota,
United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan

Updates to current and future rules for: Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
part of Indiana, Iran, Nicaragua, Palestinian Territories, Sri Lanka,
Tunisia,

Updates to future rules only for: Canada, Thule AFB in Greenland
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.3
d428 3
d709 1
a709 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d736 1
a736 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d900 1
a900 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d1516 1
a1516 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d1573 3
d1946 1
a1946 1
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
d1948 1
a1948 1
# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
d1952 1
a1952 1
# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
d1959 1
a1959 1
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
d1974 13
d1990 3
a1992 2
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
d2018 3
a2020 1
# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
d2030 1
a2030 1
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
d2113 1
a2113 1
# Serbia and Montenegro
d2125 1
d2134 1
a2134 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
@


1.31
log
@Merge tzdata2005r from vendor branch.  Only significant change is to
update those Canadian provinces which have announced that they will
follow the new US DST rules.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.96
d8 1
a8 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d10 2
a11 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
d19 2
a20 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d224 1
a224 1
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
d226 1
a226 1
# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
d228 2
a229 1
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
d241 1
a241 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
d247 1
a247 1
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
d252 2
a253 1
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
d423 1
a423 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
d481 1
a481 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
d601 1
a601 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
d605 2
a606 2
# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
# for 1945-04-12.
d718 1
a718 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	S
d818 1
a818 1
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
d821 1
a821 1
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
d876 3
a878 2
# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
d881 2
a882 1
# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
d887 4
a890 2
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
d972 1
a972 1
# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
d976 3
a978 3
# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994):
# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
# Go with Strang instead.
d1008 1
a1008 1
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
d1022 1
a1022 1
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks.
d1043 2
a1044 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
d1052 1
a1052 1
# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
d1065 1
a1065 1
# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
d1069 1
a1069 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
d1076 1
a1076 1
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
d1079 1
a1079 1
# go with Shanks.
d1130 1
a1130 1
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
d1137 1
a1137 1
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
d1140 1
a1140 1
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
d1142 1
a1142 1
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
d1146 1
a1146 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
d1166 1
a1166 1
			# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1229 4
a1232 4
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1270 3
a1272 2
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
d1274 1
a1274 1
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
d1279 1
a1279 1
# year	FP	Shanks (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
d1335 1
a1335 1
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
d1477 2
a1478 1
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
d1525 1
a1525 1
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2	# Valletta
d1534 3
a1536 3
# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
d1561 2
a1562 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
d1645 2
a1646 1
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks.
d1717 2
a1718 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
d1720 1
a1720 1
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
d1776 1
a1776 1
# Go with Shanks.
d1778 1
a1778 1
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
d1794 1
a1794 1
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
a1796 1
# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
d1798 1
a1798 1
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
d1800 1
a1800 1
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
d1803 1
a1803 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
d1807 1
a1807 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
d1810 1
a1810 1
# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
d1824 2
a1825 2
# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
d1837 1
a1837 1
# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
d1890 1
a1890 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d1893 3
a1895 2
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d2003 1
a2003 1
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
d2099 1
a2099 1
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
d2115 2
a2116 1
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
d2121 1
a2121 1
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
d2123 1
a2123 1
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
d2126 1
a2126 1
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
d2131 2
a2132 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
d2138 1
a2138 1
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
d2165 1
a2165 1
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901
d2187 1
a2187 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
d2248 1
a2248 1
# From Shanks:
d2267 2
a2268 1
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
d2277 2
a2278 1
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
d2375 1
a2375 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d2378 4
a2381 2
# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
@


1.30
log
@Merge tzdata2005l update from vendor branch.

MT6:	after release
MT5:	immediately
@
text
@d1 2
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	7.95
@


1.29
log
@Fix import conflicts from tzdata2004g.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2004g.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.90
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d58 1
a58 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
d84 1
a84 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
d105 1
a105 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
d171 1
a171 1
# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
d176 1
a176 1
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
d207 1
a207 1
# Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
d209 1
a209 1
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
d215 1
a215 1
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
d258 29
a424 7
Zone	Europe/Belfast	-0:23:40 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s   # Irish Summer Time
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
d532 1
a532 1
# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
d648 1
a648 1
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@@belnet.be> for these references.
d707 1
a707 1
# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
d752 34
a797 2
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
a798 1
# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
d801 1
a801 1
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
d810 5
d901 1
a901 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
d906 1
a906 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
d916 1
a916 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
d965 1
a965 1
# From Hannu Strang <chs@@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
d969 1
a969 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
d1046 1
a1046 1
# but go with Denis.Excoffier@@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
d1080 1
a1080 1
# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
d1195 1
a1195 1
# From Adam David <adam@@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
d1222 1
a1222 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d1338 1
a1338 1
# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
d1425 1
a1425 1
# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
d1532 1
a1532 1
# But moldavizolit@@tirastel.md and mk@@tirastel.md separately reported via
d1635 1
a1636 1
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
a1638 2
# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
d1692 1
a1692 1
# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
d1711 13
a1723 6
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
d1730 1
a1730 1
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	S
d1739 2
a1740 18
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
# </a>
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
#
# From Marcin.Kasperski@@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
# worth further discussion.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
# EU rules in 1999.
d1745 1
a1745 1
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
d1749 1
a1749 1
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
d1879 1
a1879 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
d1885 1
a1885 1
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
d1891 1
a1891 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
d1897 1
a1897 1
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
d2085 1
a2085 1
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
d2359 1
a2359 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
d2389 1
a2389 2
# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@@cgcha.uucp>
d2408 1
a2408 1
# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
d2412 1
a2412 1
# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
d2438 1
a2438 2
# INTERNET   : dik@@cwi.nl
# BITNET/EARN: dik@@mcvax
@


1.29.2.1
log
@Merge tzdata2005l, tzdata2005m, and tzdata2005q from vendor branch.
Too many zones change to summarize here.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.95
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d58 1
a58 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
d84 1
a84 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
d105 1
a105 1
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
d171 1
a171 1
# From: Jonathan Leffler
d176 1
a176 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
d207 1
a207 1
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
d209 1
a209 1
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
d215 1
a215 1
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
a257 29
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include 
# various relating to legal time, for example:
# 
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
# 
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
# 
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
# 
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
# 
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these 
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
# 
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 
# being GMT+1.)

d396 7
d510 1
a510 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
d626 1
a626 1
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
d685 1
a685 1
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
a729 34

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.

d742 2
d745 1
d748 1
a748 1
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
a756 5
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
d843 1
a843 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
d848 1
a848 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
d858 1
a858 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
d907 1
a907 1
# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
d911 1
a911 1
# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994):
d988 1
a988 1
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
d1022 1
a1022 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
d1137 1
a1137 1
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
d1164 1
a1164 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d1280 1
a1280 1
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
d1367 1
a1367 1
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
d1474 1
a1474 1
# But [two people] separately reported via
a1576 1
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks.
d1578 1
d1581 2
d1636 1
a1636 1
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
d1655 6
a1660 13
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1667 1
a1667 1
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
d1676 18
a1693 2
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
d1698 1
a1698 1
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
d1702 1
a1702 1
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
d1832 1
a1832 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d1838 1
a1838 1
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
d1844 1
a1844 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
d1850 1
a1850 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
d2038 1
a2038 1
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
d2312 1
a2312 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d2342 2
a2343 1
# From: Tom Hofmann
d2362 1
a2362 1
# ...
d2366 1
a2366 1
# From: Dik T. Winter
d2392 2
a2393 1
# ...
@


1.29.2.2
log
@Merge tzdata2005r from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 2
# @@(#)europe	7.96
# <pre>
@


1.29.2.2.2.1
log
@Update zoneinfo and required support files for change in Daylight
Savings Time that begins in 2007.

Approved by:	so (simon)
Submitted by:	re (kensmith)
Errata:		FreeBSD-EN-07:04.zoneinfo
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.6
d8 1
a8 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d10 2
a11 2
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
d19 2
a20 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d224 1
a224 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d226 1
a226 1
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
d228 1
a228 2
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
d240 1
a240 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
d246 1
a246 1
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
d251 1
a251 2
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
d421 1
a421 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
a425 3
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
d479 1
a479 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d599 1
a599 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
d603 2
a604 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
d704 1
a704 1
# see Serbia
d716 1
a716 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
d731 1
a731 1
# see Serbia
d816 1
a816 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d819 1
a819 1
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
d874 2
a875 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
d878 1
a878 2
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
d883 2
a884 4
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
d891 1
a891 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d966 1
a966 1
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
d970 3
a972 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
d1002 1
a1002 1
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
d1016 1
a1016 1
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1037 2
a1038 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
d1046 1
a1046 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
d1059 1
a1059 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
d1063 1
a1063 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
d1070 1
a1070 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
d1073 1
a1073 1
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1124 1
a1124 1
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
d1131 1
a1131 1
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1134 1
a1134 1
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1136 1
a1136 1
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1140 1
a1140 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1160 1
a1160 1
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1223 4
a1226 4
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1264 2
a1265 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
d1267 1
a1267 1
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
d1272 1
a1272 1
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
d1328 1
a1328 1
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
d1470 1
a1470 2
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1505 1
a1505 1
# see Serbia
d1517 1
a1517 1
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
d1526 3
a1528 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
d1553 1
a1553 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
a1560 3
# Montenegro
# see Serbia

d1636 1
a1636 2
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
d1707 1
a1707 2
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1709 1
a1709 1
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1765 1
a1765 1
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1767 1
a1767 1
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1786 1
d1788 1
a1788 1
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1790 1
a1790 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
d1793 1
a1793 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1797 1
a1797 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1800 1
a1800 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
d1814 2
a1815 2
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1827 1
a1827 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
d1880 1
a1880 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d1883 2
a1884 3
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d1929 1
a1929 1
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
d1931 1
a1931 1
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
d1935 1
a1935 1
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
d1942 1
a1942 1
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
a1956 13
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
#
d1960 2
a1961 3
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
d1987 1
a1987 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
d1992 1
a1992 1
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
d1997 1
a1997 1
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
d2080 1
a2080 1
# Serbia
d2088 1
a2088 1
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
a2091 1
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
d2100 1
a2100 1
# see Serbia
d2104 1
a2104 2
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2109 1
a2109 1
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2111 1
a2111 1
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2114 1
a2114 1
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2119 1
a2119 2
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2125 1
a2125 1
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2152 1
a2152 1
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
d2174 1
a2174 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
d2235 1
a2235 1
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
d2254 1
a2254 2
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2263 1
a2263 2
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2360 1
a2360 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d2363 2
a2364 4
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
@


1.29.2.3
log
@Merge tzdata2006g from vendor.  See HEAD for full details.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.3
d8 1
a8 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d10 2
a11 2
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
d19 2
a20 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d224 1
a224 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d226 1
a226 1
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
d228 1
a228 2
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
d240 1
a240 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
d246 1
a246 1
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
d251 1
a251 2
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
d421 1
a421 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
d479 1
a479 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d599 1
a599 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
d603 2
a604 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
d716 1
a716 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
d816 1
a816 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d819 1
a819 1
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
d874 2
a875 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
d878 1
a878 2
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
d883 2
a884 4
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
d966 1
a966 1
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
d970 3
a972 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
d1002 1
a1002 1
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
d1016 1
a1016 1
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1037 2
a1038 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
d1046 1
a1046 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
d1059 1
a1059 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
d1063 1
a1063 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
d1070 1
a1070 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
d1073 1
a1073 1
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1124 1
a1124 1
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
d1131 1
a1131 1
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1134 1
a1134 1
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1136 1
a1136 1
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1140 1
a1140 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1160 1
a1160 1
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1223 4
a1226 4
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1264 2
a1265 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
d1267 1
a1267 1
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
d1272 1
a1272 1
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
d1328 1
a1328 1
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
d1470 1
a1470 2
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1517 1
a1517 1
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
d1526 3
a1528 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
d1553 1
a1553 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
d1636 1
a1636 2
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
d1707 1
a1707 2
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1709 1
a1709 1
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1765 1
a1765 1
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1767 1
a1767 1
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1786 1
d1788 1
a1788 1
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1790 1
a1790 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
d1793 1
a1793 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1797 1
a1797 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1800 1
a1800 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
d1814 2
a1815 2
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1827 1
a1827 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
d1880 1
a1880 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d1883 2
a1884 3
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d1992 1
a1992 1
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
d2088 1
a2088 1
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
d2104 1
a2104 2
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2109 1
a2109 1
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2111 1
a2111 1
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2114 1
a2114 1
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2119 1
a2119 2
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2125 1
a2125 1
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2152 1
a2152 1
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
d2174 1
a2174 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
d2235 1
a2235 1
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
d2254 1
a2254 2
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2263 1
a2263 2
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2360 1
a2360 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d2363 2
a2364 4
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
@


1.29.2.4
log
@MFC: timezone data, reivision 2006n.

Approved by:	re (hrs)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.6
a427 3
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
d706 1
a706 1
# see Serbia
d733 1
a733 1
# see Serbia
d897 1
a897 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d1513 1
a1513 1
# see Serbia
a1569 3
# Montenegro
# see Serbia

d1940 1
a1940 1
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
d1942 1
a1942 1
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
d1946 1
a1946 1
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
d1953 1
a1953 1
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
a1967 13
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
#
d1971 2
a1972 3
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
d1998 1
a1998 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
d2008 1
a2008 1
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
d2091 1
a2091 1
# Serbia
a2102 1
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
d2111 1
a2111 1
# see Serbia
@


1.29.2.5
log
@MFC of src/share/zoneinfo
MFV: tzdata2007g

PR:             conf/115706
Submitted by:   edwin@@
Obtained from:  ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.11
d262 1
a262 1
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
d264 1
a264 1
#
d266 1
a266 1
#
d269 1
a269 1
#
d273 1
a273 1
#
d280 3
a282 3
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
d284 4
a287 4
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
d447 1
a447 1
# Europe
d757 1
a757 1
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
d812 1
a812 1
Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
a2280 28

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm

a2334 5
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
d2340 2
a2341 1
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
a2356 2
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Kiev" is more common in English.
a2367 2
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
d2380 1
a2380 4
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
@


1.29.2.5.2.1
log
@MFC of tzdata2007k.

Approved by:	re (ken smith)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


1.29.2.6
log
@MFC of tzdata2007k.

Approved by:	re (ken smith)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


1.29.2.7
log
@SVN rev 181745 on 2008-08-15 01:18:05Z by edwin

MFC of r181413, r181418, r181421, r181424

  Set magic fbsd:nokeywords property

  Remove Theory, which isn't part of the zoneinfo module but came out
  of /head/usr.sbin/zic (and isn't installed from there neither).

  MFC of tzdata2008c

  - Africa/Morocco will have DST in 2008.
  - Asia/Choibalsan should be GMT+08:00.
  - Asia/Pakistan will have DST in 2008.

  MFC of tzdata2008d

  - Mauritius will have a DST experiment between 2008-11-01 and 2009-03-31.
  - Add/Fix historical data for C-Eur, the SovietZone, Germany,
    Bahamas, San Luis.
  - Add information about West Para (America/Santarem)
  - America/Eirunepe and America/Rio_Branco go to UTC-4

  MFC on tzdata2008e:

  - Fix dates in 2008/2009 for Africa/Mauritius.
  - Leap second notification for the end of 2008.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.17
d460 1
a460 1
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html">
d483 1
a483 1
Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
a485 39
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
#
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# The rule line to be changed is:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
#
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
# CET and MET:
#
# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
#
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
#
# A small step for mankind though 8-)
Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
d728 1
a728 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
d1096 2
a1097 2
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
a1101 2
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# </a>
d1108 4
d1115 1
a1115 4
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
# Go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
a1119 5

Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-

d1122 1
a1122 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
d1199 1
a1199 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
d2116 1
a2116 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
@


1.29.2.8
log
@SVN rev 183069 on 2008-09-16 10:53:50Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2008f - SVN rev 183066:

Changes for Mauritius, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Argentina and Brazil.

Approved by:	re (kib@@)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.18
a2355 21
# From Sue Williams (2008-08-11):
# I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey.
#
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1
# </a>

# From Sue Williams (2008-08-20):
# This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to
# adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently.
# The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition
# to stopping observance of DST.
# This proposal has not yet been approved.
#
# Read more here...
#
# Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011
# <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989">
# http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989
# </a>

@


1.29.2.9
log
@SVN rev 187885 on 2009-01-29 10:47:01Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2009a

- Asia/Katmandu -> Asia/Kathmandu
- Fix historical references to DST in Switzerland
- Correct rules for America/Resolute (Nunavut)
- Cuba didn't have DST in 2005.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.20
d2316 2
a2317 2
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
d2319 2
a2320 55
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-

# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
#
# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
#
# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
# other years are made.
#
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
#
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata:
# The zone file
# Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12
#                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
#                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981
#                          1:00    EU      CE%sT
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
@


1.29.2.10
log
@SVN rev 193369 on 2009-06-03 08:17:18Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2009h:

- Fix coordinates of Africa/Gaborone, Pacific/Noumea, Pacific/Tongatapu,
  Europe/Vatican

- Fix URLs (=3D -> = etc)

- Jordan doesn't go at last Friday of March 00:00 but no last
  Thursday of March 24:00

- Specifically state license for the data: public domain
@
text
@d1 1
a2 3
# @@(#)europe	8.21
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
@


1.29.2.11
log
@SVN rev 196584 on 2009-08-27 12:27:19Z by edwin

MFC of r196581: Import of tzdata2009k

- Changes in Mauritius and Bangladesh
- No leapsecond at the end of December 2009
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.22
d462 1
a462 1
# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
@


1.29.2.12
log
@SVN rev 198879 on 2009-11-04 10:47:02Z by edwin

MFC of r198825: tzdata2009q

- New region: Asia/Novokuznetsk
- Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current
  time zone on 29 March 2010
- Add historical data for Hongkong 1941 - 1980
- Syria will go to winter time in the last weekend of October 2009.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.24
a2074 34

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
#
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
# </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.

Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time

d2077 1
a2077 1
# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
@


1.29.2.13
log
@SVN rev 203021 on 2010-01-26 11:22:06Z by edwin

MFC of r200835, r201189, r201189, r202606, r203019

r200835: Comment only, no data changes.
r201189: Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
r202606: Administrative only: Fix AT fields for Asia/Dhaka
r203019: Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for
	 northern Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving
	 schedule as the United States
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.25
a2132 7

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# ...some regions of RUssia were merged with others since 2005...
# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
d2134 1
a2134 1
# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
d2136 1
a2136 1
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
d2138 1
a2138 2
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.

d2148 1
a2148 3

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
d2169 2
a2170 4

# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
@


1.29.2.14
log
@SVN rev 206223 on 2010-04-05 23:45:25Z by edwin

MFV of tzdata2010h:

From tzdata2010h:

- Tunis will not go into DST this year.
- Pakistan will not go into DST this year.

From tzdata2010g:

- Bangladesh cancels DST.
- Palestine goes into DST one day later than expected.

- Russian timezones update:
  Europe/Samara goes to Moscow time.
  Asia/Kamchatka goes to Moscow+8 time.
  Asia/Anadyr goes to Moscow+8 time.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.26
d2044 1
a2044 3
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT

d2197 1
a2197 2
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT
d2205 1
a2205 2
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT
@


1.29.2.15
log
@SVN rev 210722 on 2010-08-01 09:17:05Z by edwin

MFC of 210718, tzdata2010k:

- Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during Ramadan.
- Proper names for Pacific/Pohnpei and Pacific/Chuuk
- Fix historical information for Finland for 1981 and 1982
- No leap-second for December 2010.
- Fix historical information for Ontario (Canada)
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.27
d1016 1
a1016 1

a1019 2

# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
d1021 3
a1023 12
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
#
# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
# </a>
a1024 12
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
#
# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
# </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."

a1027 2
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
d1031 1
a1031 1
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
@


1.29.2.16
log
@SVN rev 219690 on 2011-03-16 03:35:12Z by edwin

MFC of 219687, tzdata2011d:

- Pacific/Apia will have DST on 2 April instead of 3 April in 2011.
- Turkye will go to DST on 28 April instead of 27 April in 2011.
- Cuba will go to DST on 20 April in 2011.

Obtained from:  ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.28
d2486 5
a2490 8
# From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):
# 
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
# 
# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872">
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
d2492 13
a2504 3
# Turkish:
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
a2571 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
@


1.29.2.17
log
@SVN rev 220289 on 2011-04-03 03:45:45Z by edwin

MFC of 220286, tzdata2011e:

Change for Africa/Casablanca:
- The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
- The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00

Update for SouthAmerica/Chili:
- Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
  of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
  August, not in October as they have since 1968. This is a pilot plan
  which will be reevaluated in 2012.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.31
@


1.29.2.18
log
@SVN rev 221095 on 2011-04-26 22:17:10Z by edwin

MFC of 221092, tzdata2011g

- Egypt has cancelled the move to DST for now.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.32
d149 1
a149 1
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
d1789 1
a1789 1
# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
@


1.29.2.19
log
@SVN rev 223632 on 2011-06-28 10:30:30Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2011h, r223629

- Russia scraps DST in 2011
- Remove Netherlands Antilles, add Bonaire, Curacao, Sint Maarten
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.33
a567 20
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
# 
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 
# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
# </a>
# 
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
# </a>

# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.
# At least for now, keep the "old" Russia rules for the benefit of Belarus.

d2016 1
a2016 2
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 3:00	-	EET
d2045 1
a2045 2
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	MSK
d2058 1
a2058 2
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT
d2070 1
a2070 2
			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SAMT
d2083 1
a2083 2
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d2091 1
a2091 2
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	OMST
d2101 1
a2101 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT
d2134 1
a2134 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
d2145 1
a2145 2
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 8:00	-	KRAT
d2155 1
a2155 2
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 9:00	-	IRKT
d2178 1
a2178 2
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			 10:00	-	YAKT
d2191 1
a2191 2
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT
d2201 1
a2201 2
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	SAKT
d2214 1
a2214 2
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT
d2225 1
a2225 2
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	PETT
d2234 1
a2234 2
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT
@


1.29.2.20
log
@SVN rev 226293 on 2011-10-12 09:19:21Z by edwin

MFC of tzdata2011l, 226289

Changes in 2011i:

    Africa
    - Added South Sudan: Africa/Juba

    Australasia:
    - Samoa will go forward 24 hours at 30 December 2011 to better match
      the day of the week with its neighbours.

    Europe:
    - Europe/Kaliningrad will have the timezone KALT.

    North America:
    - Updates to Metlakatla historical data
    - Newfoundland, Labrador and Resolute will do something which I
      can't figure out.

    iso3166tab;
    - Add SS for South Sudan.

Changes in 2011j:

    - Samoa will go from 29 December 23:59:59 to 31 December 00:00:00.
    - Samoa DST will end on 1 April 2012

Changes in 2011k:

    - Gaza / West Bank goes back to standard time on 02 August 2011.
    - West Bank went bac kto DST on 30 August 2011.
    - Lots of changes in Minsk (GMT+3 without DST) and other Russian
      regions. A new timezone has been created for them, FET: Further-eastern
      European Time aka GMT+3.
    - Add Asian/Hebron to the zone.tab file.

Changes in 2011l:

    - West Bank came out of DST on 30 September 2011.
    - Fiji will g oin DST on 23 October and out of it on 26 Februari
    - State Bahia might go back to DST in 16 October 2011

    Due to legal problems, ado and Paul Eggert have to temporary suspend
    their work on the timezone database
    (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.time.tz/4133). Their work has
    been continued by volunteers on the tz community and the hosting
    of the data files is done by Robert Elz at ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/.

Obtained from:	ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.38
d564 1
a564 1
Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d566 1
a566 1
Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d586 1
a691 17
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
# 1.
# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
# </a>
# 2.
# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
# </a>
# 3.
# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
# </a>
d703 1
a703 2
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2037 1
a2037 1
			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2192 1
a2192 1
# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
a2615 22
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/">
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
# </a>
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html">
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
# </a>
#
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/">
# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
# </a>

d2629 1
a2629 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2643 1
a2643 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2656 1
a2656 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
d2681 1
a2681 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
@


1.29.2.21
log
@SVN rev 226755 on 2011-10-25 22:02:52Z by edwin

MFC of 226752, tzdata2011m

Europe:
- Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
  "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
  to the Winter Time).
- The recent change to the Ukranian time zone (Europe/Kiev) to
  introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar to Russia) was
  reverted.

South America:
- Bahia: The President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
  time.

zone.tab:
- Add Europe/Tiraspol Pridnestrovie

Obtained from:	ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.39
a1657 23
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
# </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
#
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
a1673 15
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time

a2653 22
#
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
# time this year after all.
#
# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
# to Russia) was reverted today:
#
# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995">
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
# </a>
#
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
# The law documents themselves are at
#
# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484">
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
# </a>

d2668 2
a2669 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2683 2
a2684 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2697 2
a2698 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2723 2
a2724 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@


1.29.2.22
log
@SVN rev 226979 on 2011-11-01 02:04:52Z by edwin

MFC of 226976, tzdata2011n

- Fiji will end DST on 22 January 2012.
- Moldova split into two timezones has been cancelled.
- Cuba will end DST on 13 November 2011

Obtained from:	 ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.40
a1680 12
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST this winter. 
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
# </a>

d1697 15
@


1.29.2.23
log
@SVN rev 233450 on 2012-03-25 02:20:18Z by edwin

MFC of r233445, tzdata2012a

- Updates to various locations in Antarctica.
- Armenia will abolish DST this year.
- Not only Samoa has moved to UTC+14, also Fakaofo did.
- There will be a leap second in 30 June 2012.
- Historical updates of 1918 to Canada, Winn, Regina, Edm, Vanc, Creston.
- Chili stays on DST until 28 April 2012
- The Falkland islands will stay on DST this year.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	8.41
d214 1
a214 2
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
a216 5
# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
# exists, and the article can now be found at:
# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# </a>
d1154 1
a1154 1
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
d1157 1
a1157 1
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
@


1.29.2.24
log
@SVN rev 240458 on 2012-09-13 10:24:59Z by edwin

MFC of 240457, tzdata2012f

- Pacific/Fiji will go into DST from 21 October 2012 till 20 January 2013.
- Fix offset for Pacific/Tokelau.
- Gaza and West Bank had DST from 29 March to 28 September 2012.
- Syria has DST from April till October
- Morocco had DST from April to September 2012 except for 20 July to 20 August.
- Cuba changed to DST from 1 April 2012 only.
- Haiti has DST between 8 March and 1 November in 2012.

Obtained from:  ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
@
text
@d2 1
d578 2
a579 2
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
d583 1
a583 1
#
d1691 1
a1691 1
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
d2581 1
a2581 1
#
d2585 1
a2585 1
#
d2702 1
a2702 1
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
@


1.29.2.25
log
@## SVN ##
## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/ 243004
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
## SVN ##
## SVN ## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
## SVN ## r243004 | edwin | 2012-11-13 21:13:21 +0000 (Tue, 13 Nov 2012) | 4 lines
## SVN ##
## SVN ## Merge of current of tzdata2012j
## SVN ##
## SVN ## - Libya went to Standard Time on 10 November 2012
## SVN ##
## SVN ## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
## SVN ##
@
text
@d7 1
a7 1
# tz@@iana.org for general use in the future).
@


1.29.2.26
log
@## SVN ## Exported commit - http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/248308
## SVN ## CVS IS DEPRECATED: http://wiki.freebsd.org/CvsIsDeprecated
@
text
@a32 6
#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
#	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
#	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
#	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
#	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@@iana.org.
#
a668 2
# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.

d686 1
a686 1
Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
a1241 15
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.

Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen

a2045 64
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
# </a>
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
# </a>

# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
# </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
# </a>
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
# </a>
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.

d2273 2
a2274 1
# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
a2280 19

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
#
Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
			10:00	-	YAKT

d2299 1
a2299 1
# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
d2306 1
a2306 13

# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
			11:00	-	VLAT

@


1.28
log
@MFV tzdata2004e

Users in Brazil and Argentina should run tzsetup(8).

Obtained from:	Arthur David Olson
MFC after	re approval
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.88
d711 1
a711 1
# See the `asia' file.
d1058 5
d1619 1
a1619 1
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was
@


1.27
log
@MFV: tzdata2003d
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.84
d132 1
a132 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-29):
d144 1
a144 1
# a 45-acre wood near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
d710 3
d924 4
d1841 1
a1841 1
# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
d1962 1
a1962 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
d1965 6
a1970 7
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky,
# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky,
# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky,
# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky,
# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky.
d1977 1
a1977 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
d1980 2
a1981 3
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky.
d1998 1
a1998 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
d2000 3
a2002 3
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky.
@


1.27.6.1
log
@MFR5 of Time Zone update tzdata2004e.

Versions being MFR5-ed:

>   Revision   Changes    Path
>   1.304.2.3  +2 -0      src/etc/mtree/BSD.usr.dist
>   1.24.4.1   +74 -23    src/share/zoneinfo/asia
>   1.27.4.1   +25 -20    src/share/zoneinfo/europe
>   1.10.4.1   +11 -9     src/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
>   1.23.4.1   +61 -35    src/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
>   1.22.4.1   +184 -27   src/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
>   1.16.4.1   +13 -6     src/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab

Work done by:	wollman
Approved by:	re (scottl)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.88
d132 1
a132 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
d144 1
a144 1
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
a709 3
# Cyprus
# See the `asia' file.

a920 4
# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


d1834 1
a1834 1
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
d1955 1
a1955 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1958 7
a1964 6
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
d1971 1
a1971 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1974 3
a1976 2
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
d1993 1
a1993 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1995 3
a1997 3
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
@


1.27.4.1
log
@MFC the update to the Time Zone files.  From the logs of commit to HEAD:

> wollman     2004-10-18 00:03:52 UTC
>   Modified files:
>     share/zoneinfo       asia europe leapseconds northamerica
>                          southamerica zone.tab
>   Log:
>   MFV tzdata2004e
>
>   Users in Brazil and Argentina should run tzsetup(8).
>   Obtained from:  Arthur David Olson
>   MFC after       re approval
>
>   Revision  Changes    Path
>   1.25      +74 -23    src/share/zoneinfo/asia
>   1.28      +25 -20    src/share/zoneinfo/europe
>   1.11      +11 -9     src/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
>   1.24      +61 -35    src/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
>   1.23      +184 -27   src/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
>   1.17      +13 -6     src/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
>
> wollman     2004-10-18 17:03:53 UTC
>   Modified files:
>     etc/mtree            BSD.usr.dist
>   Log:
>   New directory added for Argentinian timezones.
>
>   Submitted by:   ache
>
>   Revision  Changes    Path
>   1.309     +2 -0      src/etc/mtree/BSD.usr.dist

Work done by:	wollman
Approved by:	re (scottl)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.88
d132 1
a132 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
d144 1
a144 1
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
a709 3
# Cyprus
# See the `asia' file.

a920 4
# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


d1834 1
a1834 1
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
d1955 1
a1955 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1958 7
a1964 6
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
d1971 1
a1971 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1974 3
a1976 2
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
d1993 1
a1993 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1995 3
a1997 3
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
@


1.27.4.2
log
@MFV tzdata2004g.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.90
d711 1
a711 1
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
a1057 5
# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.

d1614 1
a1614 1
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
@


1.27.4.3
log
@Merge tzdata2005l update from vendor.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.95
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d58 1
a58 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
d84 1
a84 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
d105 1
a105 1
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
d171 1
a171 1
# From: Jonathan Leffler
d176 1
a176 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
d207 1
a207 1
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
d209 1
a209 1
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
d215 1
a215 1
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
a257 29
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include 
# various relating to legal time, for example:
# 
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
# 
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
# 
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
# 
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
# 
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these 
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
# 
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 
# being GMT+1.)

d396 7
d510 1
a510 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
d626 1
a626 1
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
d685 1
a685 1
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
a729 34

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.

d742 2
d745 1
d748 1
a748 1
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
a756 5
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
d843 1
a843 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
d848 1
a848 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
d858 1
a858 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
d907 1
a907 1
# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
d911 1
a911 1
# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994):
d988 1
a988 1
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
d1022 1
a1022 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
d1137 1
a1137 1
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
d1164 1
a1164 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d1280 1
a1280 1
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
d1367 1
a1367 1
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
d1474 1
a1474 1
# But [two people] separately reported via
a1576 1
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks.
d1578 1
d1581 2
d1636 1
a1636 1
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
d1655 6
a1660 13
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1667 1
a1667 1
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
d1676 18
a1693 2
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
d1698 1
a1698 1
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
d1702 1
a1702 1
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
d1832 1
a1832 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d1838 1
a1838 1
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
d1844 1
a1844 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
d1850 1
a1850 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
d2038 1
a2038 1
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
d2312 1
a2312 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d2342 2
a2343 1
# From: Tom Hofmann
d2362 1
a2362 1
# ...
d2366 1
a2366 1
# From: Dik T. Winter
d2392 2
a2393 1
# ...
@


1.27.4.4
log
@Merge tzdata2005r from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 2
# @@(#)europe	7.96
# <pre>
@


1.27.4.5
log
@Merge tzdata2006g from vendor branch.  At this point, HEAD, RELENG_6,
and RELENG_5 should have the same data.

Approved by:	re (kensmith)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.3
d8 1
a8 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d10 2
a11 2
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
d19 2
a20 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d224 1
a224 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d226 1
a226 1
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
d228 1
a228 2
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
d240 1
a240 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
d246 1
a246 1
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
d251 1
a251 2
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
d421 1
a421 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
d479 1
a479 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d599 1
a599 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
d603 2
a604 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
d716 1
a716 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
d816 1
a816 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d819 1
a819 1
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
d874 2
a875 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
d878 1
a878 2
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
d883 2
a884 4
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
d966 1
a966 1
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
d970 3
a972 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
d1002 1
a1002 1
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
d1016 1
a1016 1
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1037 2
a1038 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
d1046 1
a1046 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
d1059 1
a1059 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
d1063 1
a1063 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
d1070 1
a1070 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
d1073 1
a1073 1
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1124 1
a1124 1
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
d1131 1
a1131 1
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1134 1
a1134 1
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1136 1
a1136 1
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1140 1
a1140 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1160 1
a1160 1
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1223 4
a1226 4
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1264 2
a1265 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
d1267 1
a1267 1
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
d1272 1
a1272 1
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
d1328 1
a1328 1
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
d1470 1
a1470 2
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1517 1
a1517 1
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
d1526 3
a1528 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
d1553 1
a1553 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
d1636 1
a1636 2
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
d1707 1
a1707 2
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1709 1
a1709 1
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1765 1
a1765 1
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1767 1
a1767 1
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1786 1
d1788 1
a1788 1
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1790 1
a1790 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
d1793 1
a1793 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1797 1
a1797 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1800 1
a1800 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
d1814 2
a1815 2
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1827 1
a1827 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
d1880 1
a1880 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d1883 2
a1884 3
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d1992 1
a1992 1
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
d2088 1
a2088 1
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
d2104 1
a2104 2
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2109 1
a2109 1
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2111 1
a2111 1
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2114 1
a2114 1
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2119 1
a2119 2
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2125 1
a2125 1
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2152 1
a2152 1
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
d2174 1
a2174 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
d2235 1
a2235 1
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
d2254 1
a2254 2
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2263 1
a2263 2
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2360 1
a2360 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d2363 2
a2364 4
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
@


1.27.4.6
log
@MFC tzdata2006n
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.6
a427 3
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
d706 1
a706 1
# see Serbia
d733 1
a733 1
# see Serbia
d897 1
a897 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d1513 1
a1513 1
# see Serbia
a1569 3
# Montenegro
# see Serbia

d1940 1
a1940 1
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
d1942 1
a1942 1
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
d1946 1
a1946 1
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
d1953 1
a1953 1
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
a1967 13
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
#
d1971 2
a1972 3
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
d1998 1
a1998 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
d2008 1
a2008 1
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
d2091 1
a2091 1
# Serbia
a2102 1
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
d2111 1
a2111 1
# see Serbia
@


1.27.4.7
log
@MFC of src/share/zoneinfo
MFV: tzdata2007g

PR:             conf/115706
Submitted by:   edwin@@
Obtained from:  ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.11
d262 1
a262 1
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
d264 1
a264 1
#
d266 1
a266 1
#
d269 1
a269 1
#
d273 1
a273 1
#
d280 3
a282 3
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
d284 4
a287 4
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
d447 1
a447 1
# Europe
d757 1
a757 1
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
d812 1
a812 1
Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
a2280 28

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm

a2334 5
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
d2340 2
a2341 1
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
a2356 2
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Kiev" is more common in English.
a2367 2
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
d2380 1
a2380 4
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
@


1.27.4.8
log
@MFC of tzdata2007k.

Approved by: re (ken smith)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


1.26
log
@Merge from vendor branch:
- No more DST in Pakistan
- Update some historical information
- New zone for Rothera station in the Antarctic.

PR:		misc/51495
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.83
d27 4
d132 1
a132 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
d140 18
a157 8
# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See:
# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
# </a>
# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood
# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open
# to the public.
d1340 1
a1340 1
			2:00	-	EET	2001
d1767 2
d1770 1
a1770 1
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
@


1.25
log
@Merge from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.82
d36 14
a49 14
#		std dst
#		LMT	Local Mean Time
#	-4:00	AST	Atlantic
#	-3:00	WGT WGST Western Greenland*
#	-1:00	EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
#	 0:00	GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
#	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
#	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
#	 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#	 0:20	NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
#	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
#	 1:00:14 SET	 Swedish (1879-1899)*
#	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
#	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
d561 8
a571 2
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
d576 2
d580 5
a584 3
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Jun 16 3:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
d667 1
a667 1
# see Yugoslavia
d694 1
a694 1
# see Yugosloavia
d763 1
a763 1
# 
d1004 13
a1016 4
#
#	<a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
#	Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
#	</a>
d1020 2
a1021 5
# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only.  Guess 3:00 transition times.
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	31	3:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	23	3:00	1:00	S
a1026 2
# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
# go with Shanks.
d1358 9
d1381 2
a1382 1
			2:00	-	EET
d1420 1
a1420 1
# see Yugoslavia
d2006 16
d2026 1
a2026 1
# see Yugoslavia
d2234 9
a2299 16

# Yugoslavia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
@


1.24
log
@Except for a comment in zone.tab (about the location of the ISO 3166 table),
we are now using the vendor files verbatim.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.80
d199 1
a199 1
# </a> (2000-02-12).
d752 37
a788 1
# From Paul Eggert (2001-09-29):
d791 2
a792 2
# The 2000 IATA shows Thule as observing DST, so assume they stopped in 2001.

d795 4
a798 2
Rule	Thule	1993	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
d856 7
d875 2
a876 1
			2:00	-	EET
@


1.23
log
@Merge tzdata2001d update from vendor branch.

PR:		conf/31851
Obtained from:	Arthur David Olson and the timezone database maintainers
MFC after:	1 week
@
text
@a2 2
# $FreeBSD$

@


1.22
log
@Merge tzdata2001b from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.78
d3 1
a3 1
# $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/europe,v 1.21 2000/10/25 19:36:48 wollman Exp $
d14 1
a14 1
# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
d46 2
d49 1
d211 1
a211 1
# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
d239 6
d385 1
a385 1
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00    # Dublin MT
d391 2
a392 2
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:21 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00    # Dublin MT
d739 20
d761 2
a762 2
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
d765 4
d1116 1
a1116 1
# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038).
d1409 1
d1412 34
a1445 1
# The data before 1945 is taken from
d1447 1
d1454 1
a1454 1
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	AMT
d1460 2
d1471 3
d1475 3
a1477 3
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892 May
			0:19:28	Neth	%s	1937 Jul
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 17 0:00
d1495 1
a1495 1
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895
d1502 47
d1550 1
a1550 3
# From Whitman:
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
d1694 1
a1694 1
			-1:55	-	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
d1701 1
a1701 1
			-1:08	-	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
d1742 6
d1766 9
d1776 3
a1778 1
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 - 	LMT	1893 Apr
d1783 21
d1812 3
d1822 7
d1834 3
d1842 2
a1843 5
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
d1850 5
d1860 4
d1870 11
d1886 7
d1898 16
d1919 5
a1923 1
# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
d1929 2
d2015 50
a2064 5
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
			1:00	-	CET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
@


1.21
log
@Merge from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.74
d3 1
a3 1
# $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/europe,v 1.20 2000/08/10 19:36:45 wollman Exp $
d140 3
d172 1
a172 1
# From Joseph S. Meyers (2000-08-10):
d178 1
a178 1
# I've put a copy of the Home Office letter at
a179 1
# and the BBC letter may follow if I get permission from the BBC.
d224 1
a224 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 
d410 5
d598 1
a598 1
# 
d780 1
a780 1
# after that. 
d821 13
d870 8
a877 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
d902 2
a903 2
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
d905 2
d1081 7
d1090 1
a1090 1
# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
d1204 14
d1235 2
a1236 1
			2:00	-	EET
d1261 1
a1261 1
# already done by Estonia. 
d1339 12
a1364 9
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
d1378 2
d1381 2
a1382 3
# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
a1384 1
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
d1386 2
a1387 3
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	Mon>=24	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	NST
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
d1389 3
a1391 5
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	NST
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	 5	2:00s	1:00	NST
# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
a1397 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
d1400 1
a1400 1
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	-
d1404 1
a1404 1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:40
d1634 7
@


1.20
log
@Merge from vendor branch.  Also move FreeBSD Ids away from vendor Id
to make future merges easier.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.73
d3 1
a3 1
# $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/europe,v 1.19 2000/03/29 14:01:43 ru Exp $
d169 20
a188 1
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
d729 1
a729 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
d736 1
a736 1
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
@


1.19
log
@Merge from vendor branch.

PR:		17431
Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000d.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 3
a3 2
# @@(#)europe	7.71
# $FreeBSD$
d136 4
d1194 4
d1212 1
a1212 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1869 2
a1870 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.18
log
@Copy from vendor branch.  This mainly undoes most of the backing out of
Russian zones/rules in rev.1.12.  ache objected mainly to the changes
in the Moscow zone names in rev.1.11 and those changes have been backed
out in the vendor branch.

Reviewed by:	ache
@
text
@d1 2
a2 1
# @@(#)europe	7.58
d8 1
a8 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
d10 2
a11 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
d13 1
a13 1
# Gwillim Law <LAW@@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
d19 2
a20 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
d50 1
a50 2
# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
a76 1
# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
d104 2
a105 3
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
d108 1
a108 1
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847 Sep 22 the
d110 3
a112 1
# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
d114 2
a115 2
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
d120 1
a120 1
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
d123 2
a124 2
# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
d129 1
a129 1
# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d159 14
a172 550
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
#
# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
# volumes.
#
# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
#
# Some definitions:
#
# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
# Ireland (since 1922)
# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
#
# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
# or the Channel Islands.
#
# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
# check these documents again.
#
# ---
#
# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
#
# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
# various forms of local mean time.
#
# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
#
# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
#
# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
#
# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
# to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
#
# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
# of the then current war.
#
# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
#
# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
# would have been:
# Dublin        London
# 02:34:38 IST  02:59:59 BST
# 02:34:39 IST  02:00:00 GMT
# 02:59:59 IST  02:25:20 GMT
# 02:25:21 GMT  02:25:21 GMT
# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
#
# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
#
# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
#   (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
#
# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
#
# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
#
# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
#
# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
#
# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
#
# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
#
# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
#
# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1924.
#
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
#
# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1925.
#
# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
#
# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
# accordingly.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
#
# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
#
# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
#
# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
#
# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
#
# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
#
# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
#
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
#
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
#
# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
# unusual start on a Monday:
#
#  `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
#   Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
#   regarding double summer time.
#
#   [two other similar questions omitted]
#
#   Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
#   considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
#   double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
#   maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
#   when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
#   double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
#   Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
#   Monday, 2nd April.'
#
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
#
# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
#
# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
# not continued after 1947.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
#
# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
#
# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
#
# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
#
# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
#
# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
#
# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
#
# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
#
# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
#
# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
#   1965: 21 March to 24 October
#   1966: 20 March to 23 October
#   1967: 19 March to 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
#
# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
#
# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
#
# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
#
# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
# summer time in 1968.
#
# - The Manx Time Act 1968
#
# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
#
# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
#
# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
#
# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
#
# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
#
# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
#
# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
# time. The dates:
#   1981: 29 March
#   1982: 28 March
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
#
# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
#   1981: 29 March to 25 October
#   1982: 28 March to 24 October
#
# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
#   (82/399/EEC)
#
# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
#   1983: 25 September or 23 October
#   1984: 30 September or 28 october
#   1985: 29 September or 27 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
#
# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1983: 27 March to 23 October
#   1984: 25 March to 28 october
#   1985: 31 March to 27 October
#
# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
#   (84/634/EEC)
#
# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
#   1986: 28 September or 26 October
#   1987: 27 September or 25 October
#   1988: 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
#
# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1986: 30 March to 26 October
#   1987: 29 March to 25 October
#   1988: 27 March to 23 October
#
# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
#   on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
#
# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
# without any change to the dates themselves.
#
# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
#   (88/14/EEC)
#
# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
#   1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
#
# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
#
# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
#   (89/47/EEC)
#
# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
# in October) and specific dates:
#   1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
#   1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
#   1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
#
# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
#   arrangements
#
# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
#   1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
#   1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
#
# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
#   1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
#   1996: 31 March to 27 October
#   1997: 30 March to 26 October
#
# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
#
# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
# on the subject.
#
# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
#   1998: 29 March to 25 October
#   1999: 28 March to 31 October
#   2000: 26 March to 29 October
#   2001: 25 March to 28 October
#
# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# </a>
#
# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
d174 1
a174 1
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
d182 1
a182 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
d184 1
a184 9
# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
# 20 April was an Easter Sunday.  Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
d186 1
a186 1
# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
d198 1
a198 2
# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore them for now.
d202 4
d211 14
d255 1
a256 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
d344 1
a344 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
d425 1
a425 1
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
a429 3
# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
a511 1
# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
a540 1
# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
d547 2
a548 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d550 2
a551 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 2:00s
d622 6
d642 2
a643 1
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
a648 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
a664 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d742 14
d767 2
a768 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a770 1
# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
a789 3
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
a791 1
# From Shanks (1991):
a878 1
# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
a936 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
d995 1
a995 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
d998 1
a998 1
# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
a1027 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1139 6
a1157 2
			# Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
			# Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
d1161 2
a1162 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1171 18
d1202 2
a1203 8
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
d1262 22
a1283 5
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1298 1
a1298 1
# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
a1323 1
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
a1332 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d1388 1
a1388 1
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
d1390 2
a1391 2
# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
d1395 11
a1407 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1512 8
d1536 2
a1537 1
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1541 2
a1542 12
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
# reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
d1544 2
a1545 1
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
d1561 1
a1561 1
			 2:00	Poland	CET	1946
a1562 4
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1994
# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
d1565 2
a1566 1
			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
d1570 1
a1570 2
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1572 9
a1580 8
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:34 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
d1582 1
a1582 2
			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1584 2
a1585 2
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
d1587 1
a1587 2
			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1594 2
a1595 2
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
d1597 2
a1598 4
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
d1600 2
a1601 2
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
d1603 1
a1603 2
			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1606 2
a1607 2
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
d1609 1
a1609 2
			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1611 2
a1612 2
Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
d1614 1
a1614 2
			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1616 2
a1617 3
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1880
			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
d1619 1
a1619 2
			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1622 1
a1622 1
			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
d1624 1
a1624 2
			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1627 2
a1628 2
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
d1630 1
a1630 2
			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d1633 5
a1637 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
a1645 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
a1715 26

# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader)
# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com">
# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
# </a>
# Date: 1996-07-06
#
# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
#
# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
# year!...
#
# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
#
# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)

d1725 1
a1725 3
# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
# From Howse (1988), p 82:
d1733 1
a1733 1
# From Shanks (1991):
a1755 1
# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
a1805 25
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	UST	# Ukrainian Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean Time
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	UDST	# Ukrainian Double Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	CST	# Crimean Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	NMT	# Nikolayev Mean Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	CDST	# Crimean Double Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	NMT
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	NMT
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d1807 1
d1809 1
a1809 1
			2:02:04	Ukraine	%s	1924 May  2
d1811 6
a1816 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul 17
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1996
d1818 23
d1842 1
a1842 1
			2:08:00	Crimea	%s	1924 May  2
d1844 7
a1850 4
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
d1852 3
a1854 2
# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Feb
d1856 2
a1857 1
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996
d1860 1
a1860 1
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.18.2.1
log
@MFC: New timezone data from ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000d.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 2
# @@(#)europe	7.71
# $FreeBSD$
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
d12 1
a12 1
# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
d18 2
a19 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d49 2
a50 1
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
d77 1
d105 3
a107 2
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
d110 1
a110 1
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
d112 1
a112 3
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
d114 2
a115 2
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
d120 1
a120 1
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
d123 2
a124 2
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
d129 1
a129 1
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d159 550
a708 14
# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).

# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.

# Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
# </a> (2000-02-12).
d710 1
a710 1
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
d718 1
a718 1
# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
d720 9
a728 1
# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
d730 1
a730 1
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
d742 2
a743 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 
a746 4
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
a751 14
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.

d782 1
a783 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d871 1
a871 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
d952 1
a952 1
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
d957 3
d1042 1
d1072 1
d1079 1
a1079 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1081 2
a1082 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
a1152 6
#
# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
d1167 1
a1167 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1173 1
d1190 1
a1267 14
# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that. 

# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.

d1279 1
a1279 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
			2:00	-	EET
d1282 1
d1302 3
d1307 1
d1395 1
d1454 1
d1513 1
a1513 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d1516 1
a1516 1
# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1546 1
a1657 6
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).

d1671 2
d1676 1
a1676 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
			2:00	-	EET
a1684 18

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia. 

d1698 8
a1705 2
			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1764 5
a1768 22
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
d1809 1
d1819 1
d1875 1
a1875 1
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
d1877 2
a1878 2
# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
a1881 11
#
# From Marcin.Kasperski@@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
# worth further discussion.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
# EU rules in 1999.
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1884 1
a1988 8
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
d2005 1
a2005 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2009 12
a2020 2
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
d2022 1
a2022 2
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d2038 1
a2038 1
			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
d2040 4
d2046 1
a2046 2
			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
d2050 2
a2051 1
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2053 8
a2060 9
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
d2062 2
a2063 1
			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2065 2
a2066 2
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
d2068 2
a2069 1
			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2076 2
a2077 2
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
d2079 4
a2082 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
d2084 2
a2085 2
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
d2087 2
a2088 1
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2091 2
a2092 2
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
d2094 2
a2095 1
			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2097 2
a2098 2
Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
d2100 2
a2101 1
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2103 3
a2105 2
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
d2107 2
a2108 1
			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2111 1
a2111 1
			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
d2113 2
a2114 1
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2117 2
a2118 2
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
d2120 2
a2121 1
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2124 5
a2128 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d2137 1
d2208 26
d2243 3
a2245 1
# From Howse:
d2253 1
a2253 1
# From Shanks:
d2276 1
d2327 25
a2352 1
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
d2354 1
a2354 1
			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
d2356 2
a2357 6
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
a2358 23
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	-	CET	1940
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
d2360 1
a2360 1
			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
d2362 4
a2365 7
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
d2367 2
a2368 3
# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
d2370 1
a2370 2
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
d2373 1
a2373 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.18.2.2
log
@MFC tzdata2000f and tzdata200g updates.
@
text
@d1 2
a2 3
# @@(#)europe	7.74

# $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/europe,v 1.21 2000/10/25 19:36:48 wollman Exp $
a134 4
# See:
# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
# </a>
d164 1
a164 20
# From Joseph S. Meyers (2000-08-10):
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
# I've put a copy of the Home Office letter at
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
# and the BBC letter may follow if I get permission from the BBC.

# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use `BDST'.
d705 1
a705 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d712 1
a712 1
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
a1188 4
# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.

d1203 1
a1203 1
			2:00	-	EET
d1860 1
a1860 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.18.2.3
log
@MFC both 2001 updates.

PR:		conf/31851
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.80
d3 1
a3 1
# $FreeBSD: src/share/zoneinfo/europe,v 1.18.2.2 2000/10/25 19:44:08 wollman Exp $
d14 1
a14 1
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
a45 2
#	 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#	 0:20	NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
a46 1
#	 1:00:14 SET	 Swedish (1879-1899)*
a139 3
# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood
# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open
# to the public.
d169 1
a169 1
# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
d175 1
a175 1
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
d177 1
d206 1
a206 1
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
d222 1
a222 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
a233 6
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
# to London.  For example:
#
#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
d374 1
a374 1
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT
d380 2
a381 2
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
a407 5
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# </a>
d591 1
a591 1
#
a722 20
# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
# Scoresbysund			UTC-1
# Danmarkshavn			UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-09-29):
# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# The 2000 IATA shows Thule as observing DST, so assume they stopped in 2001.

d725 2
a726 2
Rule	Thule	1993	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
a728 4
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
			0:00	-	GMT
d773 1
a773 1
# after that.
a813 13

# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987


d850 2
a851 8
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
d876 2
a877 2
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
a878 2
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks.
a1052 7
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
d1055 1
a1055 1
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
a1168 14
# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....

d1186 1
a1186 2
			2:00	-	EET	2001
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1211 1
a1211 1
# already done by Estonia.
a1288 12

# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But moldavizolit@@tirastel.md and mk@@tirastel.md separately reported via
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.

d1303 9
a1322 1

a1324 36

# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
#
# (2001-04-08):
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
#
# (2001-04-09):
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
# actually followed.
#
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
#
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.

# The data before 1945 are taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.

d1326 3
a1328 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
d1331 1
d1333 3
a1335 2
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
d1337 5
a1341 5
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
d1348 1
d1351 1
a1351 4
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
d1353 3
a1355 3
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
d1373 1
a1373 1
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
a1379 47

# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
d1381 3
a1383 1
Link	Europe/Oslo	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
d1527 1
a1527 1
			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
d1534 1
a1534 1
			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
a1574 6
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
a1585 16
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
#
d1587 1
a1587 3
#
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
a1591 21
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
a1599 3
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
a1606 7
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
a1611 3
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
d1617 5
a1621 2
#
# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
a1627 5
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
a1632 4
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
a1638 11
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky,
# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky,
# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky,
# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky,
# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky.
a1643 7
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky.
a1648 16
#
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky.
d1654 1
a1654 5
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
a1659 2
#
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
d1744 5
a1748 50

# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
#
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
# hour before the event took place.
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
@


1.18.2.4
log
@MFC: use vendor files verbatim
@
text
@d3 2
@


1.18.2.5
log
@Merge from vendor branch.

PR:		35626
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.82
d199 1
a199 1
# </a>
d752 1
a752 37
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
# 
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
d755 2
a756 2
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
d759 2
a760 4
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
a817 7
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.

d830 1
a830 2
			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@


1.18.2.6
log
@Merge from vendor branch:
- No more DST in Pakistan
- Update some historical information
- New zone for Rothera station in the Antarctic.

PR:		misc/51495
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.83
d36 14
a49 14
#                   std dst  2dst
#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
a560 8

# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
# for 1945-04-12.

d564 2
a569 2
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
d572 3
a574 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1946
d657 1
a657 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d684 1
a684 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d753 1
a753 1
#
d994 4
a997 13
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]

# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.

d1001 5
a1005 2
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
d1011 2
a1343 9
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm


d1358 1
a1358 2
			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1396 1
a1396 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
a1981 16
# Serbia and Montenegro
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia

d1986 1
a1986 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
a2193 9
#
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"

d2251 16
@


1.18.2.7
log
@MFC: tzdata2003d (updates Canada, Brazil, New Zealand)

Approved by:	re (murray)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.84
a26 4
#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#	</a> (1914-03)
#
d128 1
a128 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-29):
d136 8
a143 18
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.

# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
#	-- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
#	</a>
d1326 1
a1326 1
			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
a1752 2
# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
d1754 1
a1754 1
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
@


1.18.2.8
log
@MFC tzdata2004e and 2004g.  This is likely to be the last update of
tzdata on the 4-STABLE branch.  For ongoing maintenance, users should
be aware that compiled zoneinfo formats are compatible across all
platforms and all versions of FreeBSD.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.90
d132 1
a132 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
d144 1
a144 1
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
a709 3
# Cyprus
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.

a920 4
# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


a1050 5
# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.

d1607 1
a1607 1
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
d1834 1
a1834 1
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
d1955 1
a1955 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1958 7
a1964 6
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
d1971 1
a1971 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1974 3
a1976 2
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
d1993 1
a1993 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1995 3
a1997 3
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
@


1.18.2.9
log
@MFC tzdata2006n
@
text
@d1 1
a1 2
# @@(#)europe	8.6
# <pre>
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
d18 2
a19 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d58 1
a58 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
d84 1
a84 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
d105 1
a105 1
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
d171 1
a171 1
# From: Jonathan Leffler
d176 1
a176 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
d207 1
a207 1
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
d209 1
a209 1
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
d215 1
a215 1
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
d223 1
a223 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d225 1
a225 1
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
d227 1
a227 2
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
d239 1
a239 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
d245 1
a245 1
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
d250 1
a250 2
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
a257 29
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include 
# various relating to legal time, for example:
# 
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
# 
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
# 
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
# 
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
# 
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these 
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
# 
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 
# being GMT+1.)

d391 8
a398 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
a402 3
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
d456 1
a456 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d510 1
a510 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
d576 1
a576 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
d580 2
a581 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
d626 1
a626 1
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
d681 1
a681 1
# see Serbia
d685 1
a685 1
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
d693 1
a693 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
d708 1
a708 1
# see Serbia
a729 34

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.

d742 2
d745 1
d748 1
a748 1
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
d757 1
a757 6
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d760 1
a760 1
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
d815 2
a816 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
d819 1
a819 2
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
d824 2
a825 4
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
d832 1
a832 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d843 1
a843 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
d848 1
a848 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
d858 1
a858 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
d907 1
a907 1
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
d911 3
a913 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
d943 1
a943 1
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
d957 1
a957 1
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d978 2
a979 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
d987 2
a988 2
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
d1000 1
a1000 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
d1004 1
a1004 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
d1011 1
a1011 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
d1014 1
a1014 1
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1022 1
a1022 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
d1065 1
a1065 1
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
d1072 1
a1072 1
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1075 1
a1075 1
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1077 1
a1077 1
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1081 1
a1081 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1101 1
a1101 1
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1137 1
a1137 1
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
d1164 4
a1167 4
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1205 2
a1206 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
d1208 1
a1208 1
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
d1213 1
a1213 1
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
d1269 1
a1269 1
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
d1280 1
a1280 1
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
d1367 1
a1367 1
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
d1411 1
a1411 2
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1446 1
a1446 1
# see Serbia
d1458 1
a1458 1
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
d1467 3
a1469 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
d1474 1
a1474 1
# But [two people] separately reported via
d1494 1
a1494 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
a1501 3
# Montenegro
# see Serbia

a1576 2
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
d1578 1
d1581 2
d1636 1
a1636 1
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
d1650 1
a1650 2
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1652 1
a1652 1
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1655 6
a1660 13
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1667 1
a1667 1
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
d1676 18
a1693 2
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
d1698 1
a1698 1
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
d1702 1
a1702 1
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
d1717 1
a1717 1
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1719 1
a1719 1
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1735 1
a1735 1
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1738 1
d1740 1
a1740 1
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1742 1
a1742 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
d1745 1
a1745 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1749 1
a1749 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1752 1
a1752 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
d1766 2
a1767 2
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1779 1
a1779 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
d1832 1
a1832 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d1835 2
a1836 3
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d1838 1
a1838 1
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
d1844 1
a1844 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
d1850 1
a1850 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
d1881 1
a1881 1
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
d1883 1
a1883 1
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
d1887 1
a1887 1
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
d1894 1
a1894 1
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
a1908 13
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
#
d1912 2
a1913 3
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
d1939 1
a1939 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
d1944 1
a1944 1
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
d1949 1
a1949 1
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
d2032 1
a2032 1
# Serbia
d2038 1
a2038 1
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
d2040 1
a2040 1
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
a2043 1
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
d2052 1
a2052 1
# see Serbia
d2056 1
a2056 2
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2061 1
a2061 1
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2063 1
a2063 1
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2066 1
a2066 1
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2071 1
a2071 2
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2077 1
a2077 1
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2104 1
a2104 1
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
d2126 1
a2126 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
d2187 1
a2187 1
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
d2206 1
a2206 2
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2215 1
a2215 2
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2312 1
a2312 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d2315 2
a2316 4
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
d2342 2
a2343 1
# From: Tom Hofmann
d2362 1
a2362 1
# ...
d2366 1
a2366 1
# From: Dik T. Winter
d2392 2
a2393 1
# ...
@


1.18.2.10
log
@MFC of src/share/zoneinfo
MFV: tzdata2007g
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.11
d262 1
a262 1
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
d264 1
a264 1
#
d266 1
a266 1
#
d269 1
a269 1
#
d273 1
a273 1
#
d280 3
a282 3
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
d284 4
a287 4
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
d447 1
a447 1
# Europe
d757 1
a757 1
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
d812 1
a812 1
Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
a2280 28

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm

a2334 5
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
d2340 2
a2341 1
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
a2356 2
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Kiev" is more common in English.
a2367 2
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
d2380 1
a2380 4
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
@


1.18.2.11
log
@MFC of tzdata2007k.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


1.18.2.12
log
@SVN rev 181757 on 2008-08-15 16:21:32Z by jhb

MFC: tzdata2008[cde].
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.17
d460 1
a460 1
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html">
d483 1
a483 1
Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
a485 39
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
#
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
#
# The rule line to be changed is:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
#
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
# CET and MET:
#
# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
#
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
#
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
#
# A small step for mankind though 8-)
Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
d728 1
a728 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
d1096 2
a1097 2
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
a1101 2
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# </a>
d1108 4
d1115 1
a1115 4
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
# Go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
a1119 5

Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-

d1122 1
a1122 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
d1199 1
a1199 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
d2116 1
a2116 2
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
@


1.18.2.13
log
@SVN rev 183077 on 2008-09-16 15:45:10Z by jhb

MFC: tzdata2008f.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.18
a2355 21
# From Sue Williams (2008-08-11):
# I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey.
#
# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1">
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1
# </a>

# From Sue Williams (2008-08-20):
# This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to
# adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently.
# The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition
# to stopping observance of DST.
# This proposal has not yet been approved.
#
# Read more here...
#
# Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011
# <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989">
# http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989
# </a>

@


1.17
log
@Merge from vendor branch.  Includes functional updates for:

	Egypt, Cyprus, Israel, Japan, Australia, Fiji, Brazil,
	Mexico, Nicaragua

PR:		8632

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1999b
@
text
@d2060 5
a2064 5
			 4:00	-	SSK	1957 Mar
			 5:00	Russia	SS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	1:00	SSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	ES%s	# name change from Sverdlovsk
d2066 5
a2070 5
			 5:00	-	OSK	1957 Mar
			 6:00	Russia	OS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	1:00	OSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OS%s
d2077 7
a2083 7
			 6:00	-	NSK	1957 Mar
			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NS%s
d2085 5
a2089 5
			 6:00	-	KRSK	1957 Mar
			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s
d2091 6
a2096 6
			 6:57	-	LST	1924 May  2
			 7:00	-	ISK	1957 Mar
			 8:00	Russia	IS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	1:00	ISD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	ISK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IS%s
d2098 5
a2102 5
			 8:00	-	YSK	1957 Mar
			 9:00	Russia	YS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	1:00	YSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YS%s
d2104 6
a2109 6
			 8:48	-	LST	1924 May  2
			 9:00	-	VSK	1957 Mar
			10:00	Russia	VS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	1:00	VSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VS%s
d2111 5
a2115 5
			10:00   -       MGK     1957 Mar
			11:00   Russia  MG%s    1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00   1:00    MGD     1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00   -       MGK     1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00   Russia  MG%s
d2118 5
a2122 5
			11:00	-	PSK	1957 Mar
			12:00	Russia	PS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	1:00	PSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PS%s
d2124 5
a2128 5
			12:00	-	ASK	1957 Mar
			13:00	Russia	AS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ASD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ASK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	AS%s
@


1.16
log
@Merge the 1999a revision of the timezone data files.  There are a number
of important changes to European and South and Central American countries
which should be back-ported to 3.x.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1999a.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.57
d21 11
a31 3
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
d126 1
a126 1
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
d128 2
a129 1
# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d1112 4
d1256 12
d1278 1
a1278 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
d1319 3
d1824 2
a1825 4
# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	S
# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
d1903 3
@


1.15
log
@Merge changes from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.46
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
a39 2
# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
#
d68 1
a68 1
# United Kingdom
a143 49
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
#
# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
# (different from deciding to keep the status quo).  According to the
# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
# and 1994 are:
#	Start		End
# 1993	28 March	24 October
# 1994	27 March	23 October
# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
#
# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
#
# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
# to specify the EC specified dates.

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
#
# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
#
# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
# regarding double summer time.
#
# [two other similar questions omitted]
#
# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
# Monday, 2nd April.'

d150 136
a285 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
d287 1
a287 108
# > # Current rules
# > Rule GB-Eire 1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	BST
# > Rule GB-Eire 1981	max	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
#
# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
# what will happen.
#
# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
# be the end of it.

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
#
# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
# summer months'.
#
# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
#
# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
#
# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
#
# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
#
# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
#
# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
# was different.
#
# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
#
# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
#
# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
# Act 1916)....  As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
# sequence would have been:
# Dublin		London
# 02:34 DST	02:59 BST
# 02:35 DST	02:00 GMT
# 02:59 DST	02:24 GMT
# 02:25 GMT	02:25 GMT
# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
#
# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
# of the 1880 date in Shanks.  The little bit of it that is repealed
# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
#
# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
# ever since it first started in 1916.
#
# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
#
# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
# and the table itself is also wrong.  The correct date is 13 April.
# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
# except for wartime double summer time.
#
# As evidence I would cite:
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
#
# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
#
# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
#
# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
d289 40
a328 1
# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
d334 10
a343 1
# so approved.
d345 2
a346 2
# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
d348 13
a360 1
# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
d363 3
a365 2
# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
d367 4
a370 2
# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
#   [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order]
d373 7
a379 4
# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
d381 1
a381 2
# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
#   1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
d383 1
a384 1
# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
d386 1
a386 2
# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
#   1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
d388 1
d392 66
a457 22
# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
# England and Wales were indivisible.
#
# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
#   1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
#
# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
#
# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
#   1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
#
# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
d459 1
a459 2
# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
d461 2
a462 1
# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
d464 37
a500 6
# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
# measures saying it didn't.
d502 1
a502 1
# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
d504 1
a504 2
# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
d506 4
a509 1
# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
d511 2
a512 5
# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
# 1 hour.
d514 4
a517 28
# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
#
# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
# to 01:00 GMT.)
#
# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument]
#
# This specifies dates of:
#       Start       End
# 1993  28 March    24 October
# 1994  27 March    23 October
# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
#
# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
#
# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
#
# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
# throughout the UK.
d519 1
a519 1
# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
d521 4
a524 10
# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
d534 8
a541 3
# summer time in 1968....

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
d543 165
a707 204
# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
# all the Acts.
#
# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
#
# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
#
# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
# again so they leave it out.
#
# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
#
#		Peter Ilieve		peter@@memex.co.uk
#
#
# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
# ## Lines like this are comments.
# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
# ## Control lines are of the form
# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
#
# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
#
# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1916
# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
#
# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
# # unknown Order or Orders ???
# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1922
# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1925
# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
#
# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
# 1939 3 April 3 November
# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
# 1940 4 feb 0 none
# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
#
# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
# 1946 3 April 1 October
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1947
# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
# # Unknown Order ???
# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
#
# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
#
# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
#
# # Summer Time Act, 1972
# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
#
# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
# # First EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
# 1981    29 Mar  25 Oct fixed
# 1982    28 Mar  24 Oct fixed
# # Second EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
# 1983    27 Mar  23 Oct fixed
# 1984    25 Mar  28 Oct fixed
# 1985    31 Mar  27 Oct fixed
# # Third EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
# 1986    30 Mar  26 Oct fixed
# 1987    29 Mar  25 Oct fixed
# 1988    27 Mar  23 Oct fixed
# # Fourth EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
# 1989    26 Mar  29 Oct fixed
# # Fifth EC Directive ???
# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
# 1990    25 Mar  28 Oct fixed
# 1991    31 Mar  27 Oct fixed
# 1992    29 Mar  25 Oct fixed
# # Sixth EC Directive
# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
# 1993    28 Mar  24 Oct fixed
# 1994    27 Mar  23 Oct fixed

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
# Year	 Start		End		End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
# (rule) (last Sun)	(last Sun)	(4th Sun)
# 1995	26 March	24 September	22 October
# 1996	31 March	27 October
# 1997	30 March	26 October
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
# 1995-97 is now in place.  The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
# came into force on 16 November.  It restates the dates from the EC
# seventh Summer Time Directive....
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06):
# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European
# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements.
# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of
# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October....
# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States.
# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond
# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001.  I doubt that
# this will happen though....
# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea.
# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will
# be quietly dropped.

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
# when 29 October was used.  That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
# directive for just this year.  I don't have the text of the 5th EC
# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
d711 1
a711 1
# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
d752 1
a752 1
# 1916 to 1925--irregular
d755 1
d758 1
d761 1
d764 1
d766 1
d768 1
d771 1
d773 1
d777 1
a777 2
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	13	2:00s	1:00	BST
# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
d779 1
d781 1
a781 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	BST
d783 1
a783 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	13	2:00s	1:00	BST
d785 1
a785 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d787 1
a787 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
d789 1
a789 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	BST
d791 5
a795 3
# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	19	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	25	2:00s	1:00	BST
d798 1
d800 1
d802 7
a808 6
# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	15	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	GMT
d813 1
a813 1
# So much for double saving time.  1948 and 1949, irregular.
d815 2
a816 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	1949	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	GMT
d818 5
a822 2
# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
d824 4
a827 2
# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	BST
d829 1
a829 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
d831 4
a834 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	BST
d836 4
d841 1
d843 3
a846 3
# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
d848 4
a851 1
# 1981 on
d854 3
d858 1
d869 1
a869 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00    # Irish Summer Time
d876 1
a876 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
d951 1
a951 1
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DS
d954 1
d957 2
d961 1
d1063 1
d1066 1
a1066 2
			2:30:20	Russia	%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
d1068 2
d1072 2
a1073 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00
d1137 1
a1137 7
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Sarajevo	1:13:40	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1157 1
a1157 7
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Zagreb	1:03:52	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1176 1
a1176 1
# Denmark
d1253 2
a1254 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1278 2
a1279 1
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
d1285 1
a1285 1
Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
d1316 7
a1322 3
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 0:00	2:00	DS
d1324 3
a1326 3
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Nov	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	DS
d1328 1
a1328 1
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	DS
d1330 4
a1333 2
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1339 1
a1339 1
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
d1341 2
a1342 1
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14
d1344 1
a1344 1
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
d1350 8
d1360 5
a1364 2
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
d1367 3
a1369 2
# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
Rule	Germany	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
d1371 3
a1373 1
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	DS
d1522 5
a1526 3
# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
d1594 36
a1629 5
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks.  They contradict
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
d1631 2
a1632 2
Rule	Latvia	1992	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1992	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1642 7
a1648 4
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug  8
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT
d1668 3
a1670 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1675 4
d1715 1
a1715 7
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Skopje	1:25:44	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1811 2
a1812 2
#
# Svalbard
a1813 2
#
# Jan Mayen
d1851 4
a1854 2
# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
d1915 1
a1915 1
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	DS
d1918 1
a1918 1
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	DS
d1920 1
a1920 1
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	DS
d2105 1
a2105 7
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Ljubljana	0:58:04	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d2132 1
a2132 1
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	DS
d2134 1
a2134 1
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	DS
d2180 5
a2184 1
# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com>:
d2214 2
d2321 2
a2322 2
Rule	Crimea	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d2340 1
a2340 1
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
d2342 4
a2345 1
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD
d2358 4
a2437 18

# ...
# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk>
# ...
# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
#
# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
@


1.15.2.1
log
@MFC:
	tzdata1999a
	tzdata1999b
	bde's changes for Russian zones/rules

Reviewed by:	wollman, hideyuki
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.58
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
d21 3
a23 11
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#	which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
#	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
#	History of Summer Time
#	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)

d40 2
d70 1
a70 1
# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
d120 1
a120 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
d122 1
a122 2
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d146 49
d201 1
a201 134
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
#
# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
# volumes.
#
# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
#
# Some definitions:
#
# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
# Ireland (since 1922)
# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
#
# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
# or the Channel Islands.
#
# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
# check these documents again.
#
# ---
#
# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
#
# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
# various forms of local mean time.
#
# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
#
# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
#
# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
#
# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
# to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
#
# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
# of the then current war.
#
# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
#
# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
# would have been:
# Dublin        London
# 02:34:38 IST  02:59:59 BST
# 02:34:39 IST  02:00:00 GMT
# 02:59:59 IST  02:25:20 GMT
# 02:25:21 GMT  02:25:21 GMT
# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
#
# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
#
# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
#   (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
#
# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
d203 108
a310 1
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
d312 1
a312 42
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
#
# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
#
# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
#
# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
#
# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
d318 1
a318 10
# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
#
# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
d320 2
a321 2
# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1924.
d323 1
a323 13
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
#
# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1925.
#
# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
#
# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
# accordingly.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
d326 2
a327 3
# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
#
# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
d329 2
a330 4
# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
#
# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
d333 4
a336 7
# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
#
# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
d338 2
a339 1
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
a340 1
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
d342 1
d344 2
a345 1
# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
a346 1
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
d350 22
a371 1
# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
d373 2
a374 1
# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
d376 1
a376 3
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
d378 6
a383 1
# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
d385 1
a385 3
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
d387 2
a388 1
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
d390 1
a390 4
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
d392 5
a396 3
# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
# unusual start on a Monday:
d398 28
a425 3
#  `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
#   Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
#   regarding double summer time.
d427 1
a427 1
#   [two other similar questions omitted]
d429 10
a438 102
#   Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
#   considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
#   double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
#   maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
#   when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
#   double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
#   Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
#   Monday, 2nd April.'
#
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
#
# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
#
# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
# not continued after 1947.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
#
# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
#
# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
#
# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
#
# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
#
# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
#
# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
#
# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
#
# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
#
# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
#   1965: 21 March to 24 October
#   1966: 20 March to 23 October
#   1967: 19 March to 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
#
# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
#
# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
#
# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
d448 3
a450 8
# summer time in 1968.
#
# - The Manx Time Act 1968
#
# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
#
# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
d452 204
a655 165
# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
#
# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
#
# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
#
# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
#
# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
# time. The dates:
#   1981: 29 March
#   1982: 28 March
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
#
# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
#   1981: 29 March to 25 October
#   1982: 28 March to 24 October
#
# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
#   (82/399/EEC)
#
# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
#   1983: 25 September or 23 October
#   1984: 30 September or 28 october
#   1985: 29 September or 27 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
#
# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1983: 27 March to 23 October
#   1984: 25 March to 28 october
#   1985: 31 March to 27 October
#
# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
#   (84/634/EEC)
#
# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
#   1986: 28 September or 26 October
#   1987: 27 September or 25 October
#   1988: 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
#
# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1986: 30 March to 26 October
#   1987: 29 March to 25 October
#   1988: 27 March to 23 October
#
# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
#   on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
#
# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
# without any change to the dates themselves.
#
# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
#   (88/14/EEC)
#
# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
#   1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
#
# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
#
# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
#   (89/47/EEC)
#
# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
# in October) and specific dates:
#   1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
#   1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
#   1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
#
# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
#   arrangements
#
# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
#   1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
#   1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
#
# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
#   1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
#   1996: 31 March to 27 October
#   1997: 30 March to 26 October
#
# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
#
# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
# on the subject.
#
# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
#   1998: 29 March to 25 October
#   1999: 28 March to 31 October
#   2000: 26 March to 29 October
#   2001: 25 March to 28 October
#
# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# </a>
#
# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.

# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.
d659 1
a659 1
# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
d700 1
a700 1
# Summer Time Act, 1916
a702 1
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
a704 1
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
a706 1
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
a708 1
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
a709 1
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
a710 1
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
a712 1
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
a713 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d717 2
a718 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
a719 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
d721 1
a721 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d723 1
a723 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d725 1
a725 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d727 1
a727 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d729 1
a729 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d731 3
a733 5
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
a735 1
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
a736 1
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
d738 6
a743 7
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
d748 1
a748 1
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
d750 1
a750 2
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
d752 2
a753 5
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
d755 2
a756 4
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d758 1
a758 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d760 1
a760 4
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
a761 4
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
a762 1
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
a763 3
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
#	(no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
d765 3
d769 1
a769 4
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
a771 3
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
a772 1
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
d783 1
a783 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s   # Irish Summer Time
d790 1
a790 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
d865 1
a865 1
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
a867 1
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
a869 2
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
a871 1
#
a972 1
# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
d975 2
a976 1
			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
a977 2
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
d980 2
a981 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 2:00s
a1010 4
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
d1045 7
a1051 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1071 7
a1077 1
# see Yugosloavia
d1096 1
a1096 1
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
a1162 12

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).

d1173 1
a1173 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1197 1
a1197 2
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
d1203 1
a1203 1
Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
a1211 3
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks.
d1234 3
a1236 7
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis.Excoffier@@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
d1238 3
a1240 3
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
d1242 1
a1242 1
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
d1244 2
a1245 4
# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
d1251 1
a1251 1
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
d1253 1
a1253 2
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
d1255 1
a1255 1
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
a1260 8
# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
#
#	<a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
#	Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
#	</a>

d1263 2
a1264 5
# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only.  Guess 3:00 transition times.
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	31	3:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	23	3:00	1:00	S
d1267 2
a1268 3
# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
d1270 1
a1270 3
# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
# go with Shanks.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
d1419 3
a1421 5
# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
d1489 5
a1493 36

# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):

# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
#
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
#
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.

d1495 2
a1496 2
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1506 4
a1509 7
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
			# Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
			# Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1529 1
a1529 3
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1533 4
# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

d1570 7
a1576 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1657 4
a1660 2
# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
d1672 2
a1673 2

# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
d1675 2
d1714 2
a1715 4
# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
# </a>
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
a1737 3
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks.
d1776 1
a1776 1
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
d1779 1
a1779 1
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
d1781 1
a1781 1
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
d1892 5
a1896 5
			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d1898 5
a1902 5
			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
d1909 7
a1915 7
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
d1917 5
a1921 5
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
d1923 6
a1928 6
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
d1930 5
a1934 5
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
d1936 6
a1941 6
			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
d1943 5
a1947 5
			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
d1950 5
a1954 5
			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
d1956 5
a1960 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d1966 7
a1972 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1999 1
a1999 1
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
d2001 1
a2001 1
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
d2047 1
a2047 5
# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader)
# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com">
# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
# </a>
# Date: 1996-07-06
a2076 2
# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
d2182 2
a2183 2
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d2201 1
a2201 1
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
d2203 1
a2203 4
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a2215 4
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
d2292 18
@


1.15.2.2
log
@MFC: New timezone data from ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000d.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 2
# @@(#)europe	7.71
# $FreeBSD$
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
d12 1
a12 1
# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
d18 2
a19 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d49 2
a50 1
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
d77 1
d105 3
a107 2
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
d110 1
a110 1
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
d112 1
a112 3
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
d114 2
a115 2
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
d120 1
a120 1
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
d123 2
a124 2
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
d129 1
a129 1
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d159 550
a708 14
# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).

# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.

# Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
# </a> (2000-02-12).
d710 1
a710 1
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
d718 1
a718 1
# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
d720 9
a728 1
# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
d730 1
a730 1
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
d742 2
a743 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 
a746 4
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
a751 14
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.

d782 1
a783 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d871 1
a871 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
d952 1
a952 1
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
d957 3
d1042 1
d1072 1
d1079 1
a1079 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1081 2
a1082 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
a1152 6
#
# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
d1167 1
a1167 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1173 1
d1190 1
a1267 14
# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that. 

# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.

d1279 1
a1279 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
			2:00	-	EET
d1282 1
d1302 3
d1307 1
d1395 1
d1454 1
d1513 1
a1513 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d1516 1
a1516 1
# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1546 1
a1657 6
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).

d1671 2
d1676 1
a1676 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
			2:00	-	EET
a1684 18

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia. 

d1698 8
a1705 2
			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1764 5
a1768 22
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
d1809 1
d1819 1
d1875 1
a1875 1
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
d1877 2
a1878 2
# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
a1881 11
#
# From Marcin.Kasperski@@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
# worth further discussion.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
# EU rules in 1999.
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1884 1
a1988 8
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
d2005 1
a2005 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2009 12
a2020 2
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
d2022 1
a2022 2
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d2038 1
a2038 1
			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
d2040 4
d2046 1
a2046 2
			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
d2050 2
a2051 1
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2053 8
a2060 9
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
d2062 2
a2063 1
			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2065 2
a2066 2
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
d2068 2
a2069 1
			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2076 2
a2077 2
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
d2079 4
a2082 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
d2084 2
a2085 2
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
d2087 2
a2088 1
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2091 2
a2092 2
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
d2094 2
a2095 1
			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2097 2
a2098 2
Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
d2100 2
a2101 1
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2103 3
a2105 2
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
d2107 2
a2108 1
			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2111 1
a2111 1
			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
d2113 2
a2114 1
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2117 2
a2118 2
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
d2120 2
a2121 1
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2124 5
a2128 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d2137 1
d2208 26
d2243 3
a2245 1
# From Howse:
d2253 1
a2253 1
# From Shanks:
d2276 1
d2327 25
a2352 1
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
d2354 1
a2354 1
			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
d2356 2
a2357 6
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
a2358 23
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	-	CET	1940
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
d2360 1
a2360 1
			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
d2362 4
a2365 7
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
d2367 2
a2368 3
# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
d2370 1
a2370 2
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
d2373 1
a2373 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.14
log
@Merge from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.42
d633 12
a644 4
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20):
# Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced
# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just
# before Easter).
d670 1
a670 1
#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until
d675 1
a675 1
#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
d684 1
a684 1
#	to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
a831 1
# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks.
a939 1
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
d943 2
a944 2
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1985 Mar 31 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1991
d985 13
a997 1
# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
d999 2
a1000 1
# From Whitman:
d1002 1
a1002 3
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1004 1
d1007 1
a1007 2
# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
Rule	Belgium	1922	1928	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
d1014 1
a1015 1
Rule	Belgium	1929	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
d1018 1
a1018 1
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
a1022 1
# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
a1023 1
# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
d1027 2
d1034 7
a1040 6
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:20 -	LMT	1880
			0:17:20	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Aug  4
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Mar  1 23:00
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 Feb 24 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
d1050 1
a1050 1
			1:00	-	CET	1983
d1076 1
a1076 1
			1:00	-	CET	1983
d1575 1
a1575 1
			1:00	-	CET	1983
d1971 1
a1971 1
			1:00	-	CET	1983
d2211 4
a2214 1
			1:00	-	CET	1983
@


1.13
log
@Merge changes from vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.41
d81 1
a81 1
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
d89 1
a89 1
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
d170 1
a170 1
# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
d330 1
a330 1
#   [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
d406 1
a406 1
# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
d1301 1
a1301 1
			# go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
d1822 9
a1830 3
# From Shanks (1991):
# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
d2143 1
a2143 1
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean TIme
@


1.12
log
@Back out Russian zones/rulez awaiting for new Paul Eggert update
Reviewed by: wollman
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.40
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
d11 9
a19 1
# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
d38 1
d838 17
a854 9
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	D
d856 1
a856 1
# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
d858 12
a869 8
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DD
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	D
d938 2
a939 1
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
d969 2
a970 2
			2:30:20	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct # Moscow Time
d972 1
a972 1
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d974 3
a976 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1049 2
a1050 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1106 15
a1120 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
d1123 2
a1124 2
			-1:00	C-Eur	EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
d1126 3
a1128 3
			-3:00	C-Eur	WG%sT
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
			-4:00	-	AST
d1135 10
d1151 1
a1151 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
d1153 1
a1153 1
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
d1471 8
d1487 1
a1487 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul # Moscow Time
d1489 1
a1489 1
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1491 1
a1491 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1507 1
a1507 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
d1509 1
a1509 1
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1512 3
d1581 1
a1581 1
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
d1583 1
a1583 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1695 4
d1702 17
d1786 1
a1786 7
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
a1788 3
# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
d1793 3
a1795 1
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT
d1811 2
d1817 3
a1819 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1826 27
a1852 7
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su>.
# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
# The rest is from Shanks.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
d1854 2
a1855 2
			 2:30:20 Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
d1857 1
a1857 1
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1860 7
a1866 7
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s
Zone Europe/Kuybyshev	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 3:00	-	KSK	1957 Mar
			 4:00	Russia	KS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 4:00	Russia	KS%s
d2018 2
d2130 2
a2131 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d2158 2
d2164 3
a2166 2
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d2170 1
a2170 1
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d2172 8
a2179 6
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	Russia	MS%s
@


1.11
log
@Update to the latest version from the vendor branch.  These files are
now identical with the distributed versions, which may cause some
abbreviations to change for people in obscure zones.  (The abbreviations
can be changed again if need be.)  It also changes the abbreviation
of Central European Time to `CET' from its previous value of `MET'
(a curious German-English hybrid).  Finally, we have finally rid
ourselves of those nasty ZONE-DESCR comments, which were a maintenance
nightmare, in favor of the new zone.tab file.  We are not using the
distribution's iso3166.tab file because we have our own list.

Obtained from: Arthur David Olson; ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov
@
text
@d830 8
a837 8
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d841 8
a848 7
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DS
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d947 2
a948 2
			2:30:20	Russia	%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1922 Oct # Moscow Time
d950 1
a950 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1102 1
a1102 1
			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
d1104 1
a1104 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
d1430 1
a1430 1
			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Jul # Moscow Time
d1432 1
a1432 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1450 1
a1450 1
			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
d1452 1
a1452 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1521 1
a1521 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
d1756 2
a1757 2
			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
d1759 1
a1759 1
			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1762 1
a1762 1
			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT
d1764 5
a1768 5
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT
d1770 5
a1774 5
			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d1776 5
a1780 5
			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
d1787 7
a1793 7
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk TIme
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
d1795 5
a1799 5
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
d1801 6
a1806 6
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
d1808 5
a1812 5
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
d1814 6
a1819 6
			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
d1821 5
a1825 5
			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
d1828 5
a1832 5
			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
d1834 5
a1838 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d2061 1
a2061 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
d2066 1
a2066 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d2073 1
a2073 1
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT
@


1.10
log
@Moscow DST rule changed, blame goverment for it
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.38
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
d19 1
a19 1
# The starred Russian names are dubious.  Corrections are welcome!
a21 1
#		LST	Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
d23 2
a24 5
#	-3:00	WGT+DST	Western Greenland*
#	-2:00	MGT+DST	Middle Greenland*
#	-1:00	EGT+DST	Eastern Greenland*
#	-1:00	ACT+DST	Azores and Canaries*
#	-1:00	IST IDT	Iceland (no longer used)*
d26 4
a29 16
#	 0:00	WET+DST Western Europe
#	 1:00	MET+DST Middle Europe
#	 2:00	EET+DST Eastern Europe
#	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
#	 3:00	TUR+DST	Turkey (no longer used)*
#	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev (was 3:00)*
#	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)*
#	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk (was 5:00)*
#	 6:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk (was 7:00)
#	 7:00	KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00)
#	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk (was 7:00)*
#	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk (was 8:00)*
#	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok (was 9:00)*
#	11:00	MSK MSD	Magadan (was 10:00)*
#	12:00	PSK PSD	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)*
#	13:00	ASK ASD	Anadyr (was 12:00)*
d31 1
a31 1
# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
d37 1
a37 4
# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
d58 1
d62 1
d64 1
a64 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
d85 1
a85 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
d120 7
a126 1
# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
d137 1
a137 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
d164 1
a164 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
d186 7
a192 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
d216 1
a216 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
d249 1
a249 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
d272 1
a272 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
d441 1
a441 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
d606 1
a606 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
d629 1
a629 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
d717 1
a717 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	DST
d719 1
a719 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	DST
d722 1
a722 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	DST
d728 1
a728 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	DST
d766 1
a766 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	DST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
d773 2
a774 2
			-0:25:21 1:00	DST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6
a784 4
# ZONE-DESCR Europe London United_Kingdom All points except N. Ireland
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belfast United_Kingdom Northern Ireland
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Dublin Eire All points

d793 1
a793 1
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
d797 1
a797 1
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
d801 1
a801 1
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
d805 1
a805 1
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
d808 7
a814 7
# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	M-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d816 4
a819 4
Rule	M-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d821 17
a837 17
Rule	M-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	D
d839 1
a839 1
# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
d841 7
a847 8
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DD
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	K
Rule	Russia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	D
d852 30
a881 3
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WET%s
Zone	MET		1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EET%s
a882 3
# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time

Link	MET	CET
d886 1
a886 1
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d888 1
a888 1
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	" DST"
d890 1
a890 1
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d892 1
a892 1
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d894 1
a894 1
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d896 1
a896 1
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d898 1
a898 1
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d900 1
a900 1
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d902 1
a902 1
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d904 1
a904 1
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d906 1
a906 1
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d908 1
a908 1
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d910 1
a910 1
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d914 3
a916 6
			1:00	-	MET	1940 Jun 16
			1:00	Albania	MET%s	1985 Mar 31 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	MET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tirane Albania All points
d922 2
a923 4
			1:00	-	MET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Andorra Andorra All points
d927 1
a927 1
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d929 1
a929 1
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d931 1
a931 1
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d933 2
a934 2
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d937 5
a941 7
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Jun 16 3:00
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1940 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vienna Austria All points
d946 2
a947 2
			2:31	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct
d949 3
a951 6
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Minsk Belarus All points
d957 1
a957 1
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d960 1
a960 1
Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d963 1
a963 1
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d966 7
a972 7
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d974 7
a980 7
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d982 1
a982 1
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d984 2
a985 2
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d987 1
a987 1
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d989 1
a989 1
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d993 1
a993 1
			0:17	-	BST	1892 May  1 12:00
d995 5
a999 7
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1919 Mar  1 23:00
			0:00	Belgium	WET%s	1940 Feb 24 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Brussels Belgium All points
a1001 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
d1004 5
a1008 7
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sarajevo Bosnia_and_Herzegovina All points
a1010 2
# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
d1012 1
a1012 1
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1014 1
a1014 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1019 1
a1019 1
			1:57	-	TST	1894 Nov 30
d1021 1
a1021 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  3:00
d1023 2
a1024 5
			2:00	Bulg	EET%s	1982 Sep 26  2:00
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sofia Bulgaria All points
a1026 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
d1029 5
a1033 7
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zagreb Croatia All points
d1036 1
d1038 1
a1038 1
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1040 1
a1040 1
Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1042 3
a1044 3
Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1047 4
a1050 6
			0:58	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
			1:00	Czech	MET%s	1979
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Prague Czech_Republic All points
d1053 1
d1055 1
a1055 1
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1057 2
a1058 2
Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1060 1
a1060 1
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1062 1
a1062 1
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1064 1
a1064 1
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1072 5
a1076 5
			 0:50	-	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980
			 1:00	EU	MET%s
d1079 1
a1079 1
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1081 3
a1083 3
			-2:00	-	MGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-2:00	M-Eur	MGT%s	1981 Mar 29
			-1:00	M-Eur	EGT%s
d1086 1
a1086 1
			-3:00	M-Eur	WGT%s
a1089 7
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Copenhagen Denmark All points except:
# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Faeroe Denmark Faeroe Islands

# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Greenland Eastern Greenland
# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Greenland Western Greenland
# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Greenland Far Western Greenland (Thule)

a1090 2
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
#
d1097 3
a1099 3
			1:39	-	LST	1918 Feb
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1919 Jul
			1:39	-	LST	1921 May
d1101 5
a1105 8
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Sep 22
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tallinn Estonia All points
d1108 1
d1119 1
a1119 1
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1123 3
a1125 5
			1:40	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
			2:00	Finland	EET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			2:00	EU	EET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Helsinki Finland All points
d1128 3
d1134 1
a1134 1
Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1136 4
a1139 4
Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1141 1
a1141 1
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1143 1
a1143 1
Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1145 17
a1161 17
Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1163 1
a1163 1
Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
d1166 9
a1174 9
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 0:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Nov	 4	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	" DDST"
d1176 1
a1176 1
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1185 5
a1189 5
			0:00	France	WET%s	1940 Jun 14
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug 25
			0:00	France	WET%s	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1191 1
a1191 1
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Paris France All points
a1192 1
# Germany
d1194 3
a1196 3
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	" DST"
d1198 1
a1198 1
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1201 5
a1205 5
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1208 3
a1210 5
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr 2 2:00
			1:00	Germany	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Berlin Germany All points
d1216 2
a1217 4
			1:00	-	MET	1982
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Gibraltar United_Kingdom Gibraltar
a1219 3
# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
d1222 1
a1222 1
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1225 1
a1225 1
Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1228 1
a1228 1
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1231 1
a1231 1
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1233 1
a1233 1
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1235 1
a1235 1
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1237 1
a1237 1
Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1240 1
a1240 1
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	" DST"
d1242 1
a1242 1
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1246 5
a1250 5
			1:35	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1941 Apr 30
			1:00	Greece	MET%s	1944 Apr  4
			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1981
			# Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
d1252 1
a1252 3
			2:00	EU	EET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Athens Greece All points
d1255 1
d1257 1
a1257 1
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
d1259 1
a1259 1
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
d1261 1
a1261 1
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
d1263 1
a1263 1
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1265 1
a1265 1
Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1267 2
a1268 2
Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1270 1
a1270 1
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1272 1
a1272 1
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1274 1
a1274 1
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
d1276 1
a1276 1
Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
d1279 5
a1283 7
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918
			1:00	Hungary	MET%s	1941 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  1 23:00
			1:00	Hungary	MET%s	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Budapest Hungary All points
d1287 1
a1287 1
# From Adam David <adam@@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
d1290 1
a1290 1
# (December 5, 1993):
d1304 1
a1304 1
# (December 10, 1993):
d1312 1
a1312 2
# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
# in Iceland until 1700.
d1314 1
a1314 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
d1320 11
a1330 11
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	S
d1332 2
a1333 2
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	D
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	S
d1335 1
a1335 1
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	D
d1337 3
a1339 3
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	S
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	S
d1342 2
a1343 2
			-1:28	-	RMT	1908	   # Reykjavik Mean Time
			-1:00	Iceland	I%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
a1345 2
# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Reykjavik Iceland All points

d1347 2
d1351 2
a1352 2
# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below),
# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute.
d1366 1
a1366 1
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see M-Eur)
d1373 1
a1373 1
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1375 1
a1375 1
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1377 1
a1377 1
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1379 2
a1380 2
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1382 1
a1382 1
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1384 1
a1384 1
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	" DST"
d1386 1
a1386 1
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1388 1
a1388 1
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1390 1
a1390 1
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1392 1
a1392 1
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1394 2
a1395 2
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1397 1
a1397 1
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1400 1
a1400 1
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1402 2
a1403 2
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1405 2
a1406 2
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1411 5
a1415 5
			0:50	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Jul
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EU	MET%s
a1419 4
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Italy All points
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vatican Holy_See All points
# ZONE-DESCR Europe San_Marino San_Marino All points

a1420 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
d1423 5
a1427 4
			1:36	-	LST	1918 Apr 15 2:00
			1:36	M-Eur	LST%s	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36	1:00  "LST DST"	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36	-	LST	1926 May 11
d1429 5
a1433 8
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug  8
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Riga Latvia All points
d1438 2
a1439 4
			1:00	-	MET	1981
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vaduz Liechtenstein All points
a1441 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
d1444 3
a1446 3
			1:24	-	LST	1917		# Kaunas
			1:36	-	LST	1919 Oct 10
			1:00	-	MET	1920 Jul 12
d1448 6
a1453 9
			1:00	-	MET	1940 Aug  3
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Aug
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vilnius Lithuania All points
d1458 1
a1458 1
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1460 1
a1460 1
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1462 1
a1462 1
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1464 1
a1464 1
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1466 1
a1466 1
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1468 1
a1468 1
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1470 1
a1470 1
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1472 1
a1472 1
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1474 1
a1474 1
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1476 5
a1480 5
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1483 6
a1488 8
			1:00	Lux	MET%s	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WET%s	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WET%s	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	M-Eur	WET%s	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Luxembourg Luxembourg All points
a1490 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
d1493 5
a1497 7
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje Fmr_Yugoslav_Rep_Of_Macedonia All points
d1501 1
a1501 1
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1503 1
a1503 1
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1505 1
a1505 1
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	" DST"
d1507 1
a1507 1
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	" DST"
d1510 5
a1514 7
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Malta Malta All points
a1516 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
d1520 3
a1522 6
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Chisinau Moldova All points
d1529 3
a1531 5
			0:00	France	WET%s	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Monaco Monaco All points
d1538 2
a1539 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT
d1547 1
a1547 1
Rule	Neth	1922	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
d1557 2
d1560 2
a1561 2
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1567 4
a1570 6
			0:20	Neth	%s	1940 May 16 0:40
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Amsterdam Netherlands All points
d1573 1
d1576 1
a1576 1
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	" DST"
d1579 1
a1579 1
Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1582 1
a1582 1
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1584 1
a1584 1
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1586 1
a1586 1
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1589 7
a1595 5
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EU	MET%s
# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
d1597 1
a1601 3
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Oslo Norway All points except:
# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Jan_Mayen Norway Jan Mayen Island

a1602 2
# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
# on 1582 Oct 15.  Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
d1605 1
a1605 1
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1609 1
a1609 1
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1611 1
a1611 1
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1613 1
a1613 1
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1615 1
a1615 1
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1617 1
a1617 1
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1619 2
a1620 2
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1622 2
a1623 2
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1627 7
a1633 10
			1:24	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EET%s	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	MET%s	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	MET%s	1977 Apr  3 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	MET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Warsaw Poland All points
d1636 1
d1638 1
a1638 1
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1641 1
a1641 1
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1643 5
a1647 5
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1649 1
a1649 1
Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1651 4
a1654 4
Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1657 1
a1657 1
Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1659 1
a1659 1
Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1663 2
a1664 2
Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1666 3
a1668 3
Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1671 1
a1671 1
Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1674 4
a1677 4
Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1679 4
a1682 4
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1684 1
a1684 1
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1688 1
a1688 1
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1690 1
a1690 1
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1692 1
a1692 1
Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1695 3
a1697 3
Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1700 5
a1704 6
			-0:37	-	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	Port	WET%s	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 1:00	-	MET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
			 0:00	Port	WET%s	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
d1707 1
a1707 1
			 1:00	EU	MET%s	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
d1711 2
a1712 2
			 0:00	1:00  "WET DST"	1996 Oct 27 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1718 3
a1720 4
			-2:00	Port	ACT%s	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			-1:00	-	ACT	1977 Mar 27
			-1:00	-	ACT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			-1:00	W-Eur	ACT%s
d1723 3
a1725 8
			-1:00	Port	ACT%s	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 0:00	-	WET	1977 Mar 27
			 0:00	Port	WET%s	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Lisbon Portugal All points except:
# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Azores Portugal Azores
# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Madeira Portugal Madeira
a1727 2
# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
# on 1919 Mar 18.  Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
d1729 1
a1729 1
Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1731 2
a1732 2
Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1734 1
a1734 1
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1738 3
a1740 6
			1:44	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bucharest Romania All points
d1743 7
a1749 4
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su>.
# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
a1752 5
# From Shanks (1991):
# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
# on 1918 Jan 14.  Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
d1755 2
a1756 2
			 2:31	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct
d1758 2
a1759 2
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
d1761 1
a1761 2
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Moscow Russia Moscow zone
d1763 5
a1767 6
			 3:00	-	KSK	1957 Mar
			 4:00	Russia	KS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 4:00	Russia	KS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kuybyshev Russia Kuybyshev zone
d1769 5
a1773 6
			 4:00	-	SSK	1957 Mar
			 5:00	Russia	SS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	1:00	SSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	ES%s	# name change from Sverdlovsk
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg zone
d1775 6
a1780 7
			 5:00	-	OSK	1957 Mar
			 6:00	Russia	OS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	1:00	OSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Omsk Russia Omsk zone
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
d1786 7
a1792 8
			 6:00	-	NSK	1957 Mar
			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk zone
d1794 5
a1798 6
			 6:00	-	KRSK	1957 Mar
			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Krasnoyarsk Russia Krasnoyarsk zone
d1800 6
a1805 7
			 6:57	-	LST	1924 May  2
			 7:00	-	ISK	1957 Mar
			 8:00	Russia	IS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	1:00	ISD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	ISK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Irkutsk Russia Irkutsk zone
d1807 5
a1811 6
			 8:00	-	YSK	1957 Mar
			 9:00	Russia	YS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	1:00	YSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yakutsk Russia Yakutsk zone
d1813 6
a1818 7
			 8:48	-	LST	1924 May  2
			 9:00	-	VSK	1957 Mar
			10:00	Russia	VS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	1:00	VSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Vladivostok Russia Vladivostok zone
d1820 5
a1824 7
			10:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
			11:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Magadan Russia Magadan zone

d1827 5
a1831 6
			11:00	-	PSK	1957 Mar
			12:00	Russia	PS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	1:00	PSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Kamchatka Russia Kamchatka zone
d1833 5
a1837 5
			12:00	-	ASK	1957 Mar
			13:00	Russia	AS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ASD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ASK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	AS%s
a1841 2
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points

a1842 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
d1845 5
a1849 7
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Ljubljana Slovenia All points
d1852 1
d1855 1
a1855 1
Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1857 2
a1858 2
Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1860 1
a1860 1
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1863 1
a1863 1
Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1866 3
a1868 3
Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1870 1
a1870 1
Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1872 3
a1874 3
Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1876 6
a1881 6
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
d1883 1
a1883 1
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1885 1
a1885 1
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1887 1
a1887 1
Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1889 1
a1889 1
Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	" DST"
d1891 10
d1903 11
a1913 3
			 0:00	Spain	WET%s	1946 Sep 30
			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979
			 1:00	EU	MET%s
d1915 1
a1915 1
			-1:00	-	ACT	1946 Sep 30 1:00
d1917 2
a1918 2
			 0:00	1:00  "WET DST"	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1920 22
a1941 2
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Madrid Spain All points except:
# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Canary Spain Canary Islands
a1942 1
# Sweden
d1945 5
a1949 7
			1:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
			1:00	-	MET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1980
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Stockholm Sweden All points
d1958 1
a1958 1
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1961 1
a1961 1
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	" DST"
d1965 3
a1967 5
			0:30	-	SST	1894 Jun   # Swiss Standard Time
			1:00	Swiss	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zurich Switzerland All points
a1969 2
# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
d1971 1
a1971 1
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1973 1
a1973 1
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1975 1
a1975 1
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1977 1
a1977 1
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1980 1
a1980 1
Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1982 1
a1982 1
Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1984 1
a1984 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1986 1
a1986 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1988 1
a1988 1
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1991 1
a1991 1
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1993 1
a1993 1
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1995 1
a1995 1
Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1997 3
a1999 3
Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2001 1
a2001 1
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2003 1
a2003 1
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2005 1
a2005 1
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2007 1
a2007 1
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	" DST"
d2009 1
a2009 1
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	" DST"
d2011 1
a2011 1
Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2013 2
a2014 2
Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2016 1
a2016 1
Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	" DST"
d2018 2
a2019 2
Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2021 1
a2021 1
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d2025 5
a2029 6
			1:57	-	OMT	1910 Oct     # Ottoman Mean Time
			2:00	Turkey	EET%s	1978 Oct 15
			3:00	Turkey	TUR%s	1985 Apr 20
			2:00	Turkey	EET%s	1986
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
a2031 2
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Istanbul Turkey All points

d2034 22
a2055 6
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	" DDST"
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
d2058 1
a2058 2
			2:02	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			2:02	Ukraine	LST%s	1924 May  2
d2060 2
a2061 3
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1990 Jul 17
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d2063 1
a2063 2
			2:08	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			2:08	Ukraine	LST%s	1924 May  2
d2065 3
a2067 3
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00  "EET DST"	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
d2071 2
a2072 5
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	Russia	MS%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kiev Ukraine All points except:
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Simferopol Ukraine Crimea
a2074 1
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
d2077 5
a2081 7
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EU	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points
d2151 1
a2151 1
# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
@


1.10.2.1
log
@YAMFC
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.40
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
d19 1
a19 1
# Corrections are welcome!
d22 1
d24 5
a28 2
#	-3:00	WGT WGST Western Greenland*
#	-1:00	EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
d30 16
a45 4
#	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
#	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
#	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
#	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
d47 1
a47 1
# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
d53 4
a56 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
a76 1

a79 1
# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
d81 1
a81 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
d102 1
a102 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
d137 1
a137 7
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
d148 1
a148 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
d175 1
a175 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
d197 1
a197 7
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
d221 1
a221 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
d254 1
a254 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
d277 1
a277 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
d446 1
a446 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
d611 1
a611 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
d634 1
a634 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
d722 1
a722 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d724 1
a724 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d727 1
a727 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d733 1
a733 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d771 1
a771 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00    # Irish Summer Time
d778 2
a779 2
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
d790 4
d802 1
a802 1
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
d806 1
a806 1
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
d810 1
a810 1
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
d814 1
a814 1
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
d817 7
a823 7
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d825 4
a828 4
Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
d830 7
a836 7
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d848 1
a848 1
# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
d862 5
a866 30
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.

# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
#	Postfach 3345
#	D-38023 Braunschweig
#	phone: +49 531 592-0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
d868 1
d872 1
a872 1
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
d874 1
a874 1
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
d876 1
a876 1
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
d878 1
a878 1
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d880 1
a880 1
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d882 1
a882 1
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
d884 1
a884 1
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
d886 1
a886 1
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
d888 1
a888 1
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d890 1
a890 1
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
d892 1
a892 1
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d894 1
a894 1
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
d896 1
a896 1
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d900 6
a905 3
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1985 Mar 31 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
d911 4
a914 2
			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d918 1
a918 1
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
d920 1
a920 1
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d922 1
a922 1
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
d924 2
a925 2
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
d928 7
a934 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Jun 16 3:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d939 2
a940 2
			2:30:20	Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct # Moscow Time
d943 5
a947 2
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d953 1
a953 1
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
d956 1
a956 1
Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d959 1
a959 1
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
d962 7
a968 7
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
d970 7
a976 7
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
d978 1
a978 1
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
d980 2
a981 2
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
d983 1
a983 1
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
d985 1
a985 1
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
d989 1
a989 1
			0:17:20	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
d991 7
a997 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Mar  1 23:00
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 Feb 24 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1000 1
d1003 7
a1009 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1012 2
d1015 1
a1015 1
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
d1017 1
a1017 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	S
d1022 1
a1022 1
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
d1024 1
a1024 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  3:00
d1026 5
a1030 2
			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1033 1
d1036 7
a1042 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1044 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
d1046 1
a1046 1
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
d1048 1
a1048 1
Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
d1050 3
a1052 3
Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
d1055 6
a1060 4
			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1062 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d1064 1
a1064 1
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1066 2
a1067 2
Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1069 1
a1069 1
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1071 1
a1071 1
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1073 1
a1073 1
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1081 5
a1085 5
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1088 1
a1088 1
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1090 3
a1092 3
			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
			-1:00	C-Eur	EG%sT
d1095 1
a1095 1
			-3:00	C-Eur	WG%sT
d1099 7
d1107 2
d1115 3
a1117 3
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
d1119 2
a1120 2
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
d1122 5
a1126 2
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
a1128 1
# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
d1139 1
a1139 1
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
d1143 5
a1147 3
			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1149 3
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
#
d1153 1
a1153 1
Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1155 4
a1158 4
Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1160 1
a1160 1
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1162 1
a1162 1
Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
d1164 17
a1180 17
Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
d1182 1
a1182 1
Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
d1185 9
a1193 9
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 0:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Nov	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	DS
d1195 1
a1195 1
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1204 7
a1210 5
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1212 1

d1214 3
a1216 3
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
d1218 1
a1218 1
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
d1221 5
a1225 5
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1228 5
a1232 3
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr 2 2:00
			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1238 4
a1241 2
			1:00	-	CET	1982
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1244 3
d1249 1
a1249 1
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
d1252 1
a1252 1
Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
d1255 1
a1255 1
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1258 1
a1258 1
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1260 1
a1260 1
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
d1262 1
a1262 1
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
d1264 1
a1264 1
Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
d1267 1
a1267 1
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
d1269 1
a1269 1
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1273 5
a1277 5
			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
			# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1279 3
a1281 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1283 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
d1285 1
a1285 1
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
d1287 1
a1287 1
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
d1289 1
a1289 1
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
d1291 1
a1291 1
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
d1293 1
a1293 1
Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1295 2
a1296 2
Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1298 1
a1298 1
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
d1300 1
a1300 1
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
d1302 1
a1302 1
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
d1304 1
a1304 1
Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
d1307 7
a1313 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  1 23:00
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1317 1
a1317 1
# From Adam David <adam@@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
d1320 1
a1320 1
# (1993-12-05):
d1334 1
a1334 1
# (1993-12-10):
d1342 2
a1343 1
# might mean something else (???).
d1345 1
a1345 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
d1351 11
a1361 11
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
d1363 2
a1364 2
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
d1366 1
a1366 1
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
d1368 3
a1370 3
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
d1373 2
a1374 2
			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
d1377 2
a1379 2
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
#
d1382 2
a1383 2
# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
d1397 1
a1397 1
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
d1404 1
a1404 1
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
d1406 1
a1406 1
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
d1408 1
a1408 1
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
d1410 2
a1411 2
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
d1413 1
a1413 1
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
d1415 1
a1415 1
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
d1417 1
a1417 1
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
d1419 1
a1419 1
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
d1421 1
a1421 1
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
d1423 1
a1423 1
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
d1425 2
a1426 2
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
d1428 1
a1428 1
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
d1431 1
a1431 1
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d1433 2
a1434 2
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
d1436 2
a1437 2
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
d1442 5
a1446 5
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1451 4
d1456 1
d1459 4
a1462 5
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
d1464 2
a1465 2
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul # Moscow Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug  8
d1467 5
a1471 2
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1476 4
a1479 2
			1:00	-	CET	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1482 1
d1485 3
a1487 3
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
d1489 3
a1491 3
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
d1493 5
a1497 2
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1502 1
a1502 1
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1504 1
a1504 1
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
d1506 1
a1506 1
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1508 1
a1508 1
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
d1510 1
a1510 1
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1512 1
a1512 1
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1514 1
a1514 1
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
d1516 1
a1516 1
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
d1518 1
a1518 1
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
d1520 5
a1524 5
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
d1527 8
a1534 6
			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1537 1
d1540 7
a1546 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1550 1
a1550 1
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
d1552 1
a1552 1
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
d1554 1
a1554 1
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
d1556 1
a1556 1
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
d1559 7
a1565 5
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1568 1
d1572 6
a1577 3
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1584 5
a1588 3
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1595 2
a1596 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
d1604 1
a1604 1
Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
a1613 2
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
d1615 2
a1616 2
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d1622 6
a1627 4
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:40
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1629 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d1632 1
a1632 1
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
d1635 1
a1635 1
Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	S
d1638 1
a1638 1
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d1640 1
a1640 1
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
d1642 1
a1642 1
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
d1645 5
a1649 4
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1650 4
# Svalbard
Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
#
# Jan Mayen
d1655 3
d1659 2
d1663 1
a1663 1
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
d1667 1
a1667 1
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
d1669 1
a1669 1
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	S
d1671 1
a1671 1
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
d1673 1
a1673 1
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
d1675 1
a1675 1
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
d1677 2
a1678 2
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
d1680 2
a1681 2
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	S
d1685 10
a1694 7
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
a1696 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1698 1
a1698 1
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
d1701 1
a1701 1
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
d1703 5
a1707 5
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1709 1
a1709 1
Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
d1711 4
a1714 4
Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
d1717 1
a1717 1
Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
d1719 1
a1719 1
Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
d1723 2
a1724 2
Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
d1726 3
a1728 3
Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
d1731 1
a1731 1
Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
d1734 4
a1737 4
Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
d1739 4
a1742 4
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
d1744 1
a1744 1
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1748 1
a1748 1
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1750 1
a1750 1
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1752 1
a1752 1
Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1755 3
a1757 3
Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1760 6
a1765 5
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
d1768 1
a1768 1
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1772 2
a1773 2
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1779 4
a1782 3
			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT
d1785 8
a1792 3
			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1795 2
d1798 1
a1798 1
Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1800 2
a1801 2
Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
d1803 1
a1803 1
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
d1807 6
a1812 3
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1815 4
a1818 7
# From Shanks (1991):
# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su>.
# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
d1822 5
d1829 2
a1830 2
			 2:30:20 Russia	LST%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MS%s	1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
d1833 1
a1833 1
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
d1836 1
d1843 1
d1850 1
d1857 2
a1858 1
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
d1871 1
d1878 1
d1886 1
d1893 1
d1901 1
d1903 7
a1909 5
			10:00   -       MGK     1957 Mar
			11:00   Russia  MG%s    1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00   1:00    MGD     1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00   -       MGK     1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00   Russia  MG%s
d1917 1
d1928 2
d1931 1
d1934 7
a1940 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1942 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1945 1
a1945 1
Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
d1947 2
a1948 2
Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
d1950 1
a1950 1
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1953 1
a1953 1
Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
d1956 3
a1958 3
Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
d1960 1
a1960 1
Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
d1962 3
a1964 3
Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1966 6
a1971 6
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
d1973 1
a1973 1
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
d1975 1
a1975 1
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
d1977 1
a1977 1
Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
d1979 1
a1979 1
Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
a1980 10
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
d1983 3
a1985 11
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
			 0:00	-	WET	1924
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	CET	1986
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1987 1
a1987 1
			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
d1989 5
a1993 2
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
a1995 22

# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com>:
#
# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
#
# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
# year!...
#
# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
#
# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)

d1998 7
a2004 5
			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
			1:00	-	CET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d2013 1
a2013 1
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d2016 1
a2016 1
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
d2020 5
a2024 3
			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d2027 2
d2030 1
a2030 1
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d2032 1
a2032 1
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
d2034 1
a2034 1
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d2036 1
a2036 1
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
d2039 1
a2039 1
Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
d2041 1
a2041 1
Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d2043 1
a2043 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
d2045 1
a2045 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d2047 1
a2047 1
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d2050 1
a2050 1
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d2052 1
a2052 1
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d2054 1
a2054 1
Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
d2056 3
a2058 3
Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
d2060 1
a2060 1
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
d2062 1
a2062 1
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
d2064 1
a2064 1
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
d2066 1
a2066 1
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
d2068 1
a2068 1
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
d2070 1
a2070 1
Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
d2072 2
a2073 2
Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
d2075 1
a2075 1
Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
d2077 2
a2078 2
Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
d2080 1
a2080 1
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
d2084 6
a2089 5
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1986
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d2092 2
d2096 6
a2101 22
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	UST	# Ukrainian Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean TIme
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	UDST	# Ukrainian Double Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	CST	# Crimean Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	NMT	# Nikolayev Mean Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	CDST	# Crimean Double Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	NMT
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	NMT
d2104 2
a2105 1
			2:02:04	Ukraine	%s	1924 May  2
d2107 3
a2109 2
			3:00	Russia	MS%s	1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d2111 2
a2112 1
			2:08:00	Crimea	%s	1924 May  2
d2115 2
a2116 2
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
d2120 1
a2120 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
d2123 3
d2127 1
d2130 7
a2136 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d2206 1
a2206 1
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
@


1.10.2.2
log
@YAMFC
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.41
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
d11 1
a11 9
#
# Gwillim Law <LAW@@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
a29 1
#	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
d829 9
a837 17
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d839 1
a839 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
d841 8
a848 12
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DS
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d917 1
a917 2
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1991
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d947 2
a948 2
			2:30:20	Russia	%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
d950 1
a950 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d952 1
a952 3
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT
d1025 1
a1025 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1081 1
a1081 15
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.

#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
d1084 2
a1085 2
			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
d1087 3
a1089 3
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
a1095 10
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.''
d1102 1
a1102 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
d1104 1
a1104 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
a1421 8
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks.  They contradict
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Latvia	1992	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1992	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1430 1
a1430 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
d1432 1
a1432 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1434 1
a1434 1
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT
d1450 1
a1450 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
d1452 1
a1452 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
a1454 3
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
d1521 1
a1521 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1523 1
a1523 1
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
a1634 4
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
a1637 17
#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
d1705 7
a1711 1
			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1714 3
d1721 1
a1721 3
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
a1736 2
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
d1741 1
a1741 3
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1748 7
a1754 27
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 - 	LMT	1893 Apr
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			 2:00	Poland	CET	1946
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1994
# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
d1756 2
a1757 2
			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
d1759 1
a1759 1
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1762 7
a1768 7
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT
a1919 2
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
d2030 1
a2030 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a2056 2
Rule	Crimea	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d2061 2
a2062 3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul 17
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1996
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2066 1
a2066 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d2068 6
a2073 8
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Feb
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD
@


1.10.2.3
log
@Merge 1997i release of timezone data from -current.

Requested by: markm
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.46
d81 1
a81 1
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
d89 1
a89 1
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
d170 1
a170 1
# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
d330 1
a330 1
#   [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order]
d406 1
a406 1
# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument]
d633 4
a636 12
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06):
# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European
# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements.
# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of
# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October....
# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States.
# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond
# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001.  I doubt that
# this will happen though....
# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea.
# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will
# be quietly dropped.
d662 1
a662 1
#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
d667 1
a667 1
#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
d676 1
a676 1
#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
d824 1
d933 1
d937 2
a938 2
# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
d979 1
a979 13
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
#	pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
#	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@@belnet.be> for these references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
# 
d981 1
a981 2
Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
d983 3
a985 1
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
a986 1
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d989 2
a990 1
Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
a996 1
Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
d998 1
d1001 1
a1001 1
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1006 1
d1008 1
a1011 2
Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
d1017 6
a1022 7
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
d1032 1
a1032 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d1058 1
a1058 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d1301 1
a1301 1
			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
d1557 1
a1557 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d1822 3
a1824 9

# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
# reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
d1947 1
a1947 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d2137 1
a2137 1
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean Time
d2187 1
a2187 4
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
@


1.9
log
@Merged the latest timezone data file release.

Changed zones: Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Libya, Morocco, Sierra Leone,
  South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Armenia, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Hong
  Kong, Macao, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
  Kirgizstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, the Phillippines, Syria, Tajikistan,
  Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Australia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, New
  Zealand, Vanuatu, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Czech Republic,
  Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
  Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey,
  Canada, Mexico, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, the
  Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua,
  Brazil, the Falkland Islands, Paraguay

Deleted zones: Asia/Tomsk (superseded by Asia/Krasnoyarsk)

Added zones: Asia/Aktau (area formerly part of Asia/Alma-Ata);
  Asia/Krasnoyarsk (supersedes Asia/Tomsk); America/Glace_Bay (area
  formerly part of America/Halifax); America/Thunder_Bay,
  America/Nipigon, America/Rainy_River (areas formerly covered by
  America/Montreal); America/Swift_Current (area formerly part of
  America/Regina); America/Dawson_Creek (area formerly part of
  America/Vancouver); America/Pangnirtung, America/Iqaluit,
  America/Rankin_Inlet, America/Yellowknife, America/Inuvik,
  America/Dawson (areas formerly part of America/Whitehorse)
@
text
@d855 2
a856 1
Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	K
@


1.8
log
@Portugal is changing timezone this month.  From vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.32
d39 1
a39 1
#	 7:00	TSK TSD	Tomsk (was 6:00)*
d128 9
d430 16
d628 5
d645 1
a645 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
d665 3
d669 2
a670 2
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
d674 2
d679 8
a687 1
Rule	GB-Eire 1847	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	GMT
d751 1
d755 1
a755 2
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1967	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1971	only	-	Oct	31	3:00	0	GMT
d761 1
a761 1
# See EC for rules starting in 1996.
d765 2
a766 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00
d768 1
a768 1
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d772 2
a773 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 3:00
d775 1
a775 1
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d779 3
a781 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	BST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
d783 1
a783 1
			 0:00	1:00	BST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
d785 4
a788 4
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d798 2
a799 1
# EC rules are for the European Community.
d802 6
a807 7
Rule	EC	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	EC	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EC	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EC	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
d809 1
a809 2
# W-Eur differs from EC only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	W-Eur	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
d818 1
a818 2
# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EC only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	M-Eur	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
d824 1
a824 5
# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman.
Rule	M-Eur	1940	only	-	Dec	31	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1941	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	M-Eur	1941	only	-	Oct	 5	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	M-Eur	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
a838 1
Rule	Russia	1880	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
d861 1
a861 1
Zone	WET		0:00	EC	WET%s
d863 1
a863 1
Zone	EET		2:00	EC	EET%s
d902 1
a902 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d911 1
a911 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a916 1
Rule	Austria	1918	only	-	Jun	16	3:00	0	-
d931 1
a931 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d944 1
a944 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d994 1
a994 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1006 1
a1006 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1027 1
a1027 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1039 1
a1039 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1044 1
Rule	Czech	1944	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	-
d1057 1
a1057 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1084 1
a1084 1
			 1:00	EC	MET%s
d1087 1
a1087 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
d1123 1
a1123 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1137 1
Rule	Finland	1921	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	-
d1144 1
a1144 1
			2:00	EC	EET%s
a1151 1
Rule	France	1911	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
d1207 1
a1207 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1229 1
a1229 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1238 1
a1238 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1246 1
Rule	Greece	1916	only	-	July	28	0:01	0	-
d1277 2
a1278 2
			# go with EC intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EC	EET%s
d1284 2
a1285 1
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 2:00s	0	-
d1306 1
a1306 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918 Jul
d1310 1
a1310 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1349 1
Rule	Iceland	1908	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	S
d1379 23
a1402 2
Rule	Italy	1893	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00s	0	S
# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman.
d1404 2
a1405 2
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1407 1
a1407 1
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1409 5
a1413 5
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	20	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman.
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
d1415 1
a1415 1
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	-
d1443 1
a1443 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
d1445 1
a1445 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1468 1
a1468 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1476 1
a1476 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1494 1
a1494 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1500 1
Rule	Lux	1904	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	0	-
d1531 1
a1531 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1543 1
a1543 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1562 1
a1562 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1574 1
a1574 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1585 1
a1585 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1592 1
Rule	Neth	1892	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	AMT
d1624 1
a1624 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1629 1
Rule	Norway	1892	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
d1647 1
a1647 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1691 1
a1691 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1696 1
Rule	Port	1911	only	-	May	24	 0:00	0	-
d1763 1
a1763 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1767 1
a1767 1
			 1:00	EC	MET%s	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
d1771 2
a1772 2
			 0:00	-     "WET DST"	1996 Oct 27 1:00u
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
d1787 1
a1787 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
a1796 1
Rule	Romania	1931	only	-	Jul	24	 0:00	0	-
d1809 1
a1809 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1861 1
# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
d1871 7
a1877 7
Zone Asia/Tomsk		 5:39:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 6:00	-	TSK	1957 Mar
			 7:00	Russia	TS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	TSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	TSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	TS%s
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Tomsk Russia Tomsk zone
d1937 1
a1937 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1942 1
Rule	Spain	1901	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
d1984 1
a1984 1
			 1:00	EC	MET%s
d1989 1
a1989 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
d2001 1
a2001 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a2010 1
Rule	Swiss	1894	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	0	-
d2021 1
a2021 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a2028 1
Rule	Turkey	1910	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
d2088 1
a2088 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d2108 1
a2108 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d2133 1
a2133 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
@


1.7
log
@Update timezone files to 96c from vendor branch.
Australia/Canberra is dead (use Australia/Sydney).
Asia/Tel_Aviv has been renamed Asia/Jerusalem.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.31
d1719 6
a1724 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
@


1.6
log
@Don't list Greenland under Denmark; the Greenanders apparently
don't like that.

Obtained from: tz mailing list
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.17
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
d35 11
a45 11
#	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev*
#	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg*
#	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk*
#	 6:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994)
#	 7:00	TSK TSD	Tomsk*
#	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk*
#	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk*
#	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok*
#	11:00	GSK GSD	Magadan*
#	12:00	PSK PSD	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski*
#	13:00	ASK ASD	Anadyr*
d57 1
a57 1
# The original six [EU members]: Belguim, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
d68 2
a69 3
# The only [current nonmember using EU rules] I can speak for is Estonia,
# which uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. I don't
# think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
d605 2
a606 2
# The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of
# Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
a906 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates:
d908 2
a909 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			3:00	Russia	MS%s
a1161 5
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993):
# Shanks gives no times for 1975, but according to Cm722,
# France introduced summer time in 1975 from 20 March to 22 September.
Rule	France	1975	only	-	Mar	20	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	France	1975	only	-	Sep	22	 2:00s	0	-
d1164 4
a1167 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
d1169 2
a1170 2
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:05 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
d1479 1
a1479 1
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1979
d1528 1
a1528 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
d1531 1
a1531 1
			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
d1539 2
a1739 5
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points

a1849 1
# MSK is taken; settle for GSK.
d1851 5
a1855 5
			10:00	-	GSK	1957 Mar
			11:00	Russia	GS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	GSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	GSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	GS%s
d1857 1
d1873 2
a1874 1
# ZONE-DESCR Asia Anadyr Russia Anadyr zone
d1876 1
a1876 11
# Yugoslavia (what's left of it -- mostly Serbia)
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points
d1921 1
d2076 12
@


1.5
log
@Merge timzeone data changes from vendor branch.  Most significant change
is 1996 EC harmonization.  Also, the following timezones have been renamed:
	Asia/Frunze -> Asia/Bishkek
	Pacific/Cocos -> Indian/Cocos
	Pacific/Belau -> Pacific/Palau
	America/Navajo -> America/Shiprock
and one new timezone has been added:
	Australia/Canberra
@
text
@d1069 3
a1071 3
# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Denmark Eastern Greenland
# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Denmark Western Greenland
# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Denmark Far Western Greenland (Thule)
@


1.4
log
@Fix some conflicting descriptions.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.16
d56 22
a141 2
# I have some more up to date info.
#
d400 1
a400 3
# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
# This is as far as it goes at present. A new EC directive is expected soon
# and this will lead to a new Summer Time Order implementing it in the UK.
d449 1
a449 5
# The next thing on the horizon is the 7th EC/EU directive and the matching
# UK Order. I expect I will keep quiet until then.
#
#
# 		Peter Ilieve		peter@@memex.co.uk
d587 6
a592 6
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (June 8, 1994):
# The European Union bureaucracy has edged a step closer to a 7th Directive
# on summer-time arrangements.  I have the text of a Common Position
# (EC No 9/94) and a statement of the Council's reasons dated 4 March 94,
# reported in the Official Journal of the EC, No. C 137/38--41....
# The dates again:
d598 6
d716 5
a720 7
# Current rules
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following three:
#Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
#Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00s	0	GMT
#Rule	GB-Eire 1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	GMT
d726 2
a727 1
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
d733 2
a734 1
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
d745 2
a746 1
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
d756 12
d772 1
a772 1
Rule	W-Eur	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
d774 1
d776 2
d798 1
a798 4
Rule	M-Eur	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following two:
#Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
#Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d800 1
a800 3

Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 3:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00s	0	-
d826 1
a826 1
Zone	WET		0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
d828 1
a828 2
Zone	EET		2:00	E-Eur	EET%s
Zone	W-SU		3:00	M-Eur	????
d867 1
d876 1
a876 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d896 2
a897 2
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d960 2
a961 2
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977 Apr  3  2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d972 2
a973 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983 Mar 27  2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d994 1
d1005 2
a1006 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983 Mar 27  2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1024 2
a1025 2
			1:00	Czech	MET%s	1979 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1051 2
a1052 2
			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1054 2
a1055 2
			 0:00	-	WET	1981 Mar 29 1:00
			 0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
d1075 5
d1091 1
d1096 9
d1113 1
a1113 3
#			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
# Finland uses E-Eur not M-Eur rules, according to Hannu Strang.
			2:00	E-Eur	EET%s
d1178 2
a1179 2
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1200 2
a1201 2
			1:00	Germany	MET%s	1980 Apr 6 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1209 2
a1210 2
			1:00	-	MET	1982 Mar 28 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1248 4
a1251 2
			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
d1282 1
a1282 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1396 5
a1400 3
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
# Vatican is identical to Europe/Rome; San Marino is like Europe/Rome.
d1403 2
d1420 1
d1427 2
a1428 2
			1:00	-	MET	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1446 1
d1483 2
a1484 2
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1979 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1495 2
a1496 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983 Mar 27  2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1498 1
a1498 1
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje F_Y_R_O_Macedonia All points
d1514 2
a1515 2
			1:00	Malta	MET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1527 1
d1537 2
a1538 2
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1567 2
a1568 2
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	-
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	" DST"
d1575 2
a1576 2
			1:00	Neth	MET%s	1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1599 2
a1600 2
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1980 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1644 1
d1717 1
a1717 1
			 0:00	W-Eur	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1721 1
a1721 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1736 1
a1736 1
			 0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
d1764 1
d1881 2
a1882 1
# Serbia
d1889 2
a1890 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983 Mar 27  2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1901 2
a1902 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983 Mar 27  2:00s
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1948 2
a1949 2
			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979 Apr  1 2:00
			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1954 1
a1954 1
			 0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
d1965 2
a1966 2
			1:00	-	MET	1980 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d1979 1
a1979 1
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	" DST"
d1982 1
a1982 1
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	" DST"
d1986 2
a1987 2
			1:00	Swiss	MET%s	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
d2055 1
d2075 1
@


1.4.4.1
log
@Brought in changes from main branch: updated timezone files.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.17
a55 22
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
# The original six [EU members]: Belguim, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# The only [current nonmember using EU rules] I can speak for is Estonia,
# which uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. I don't
# think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.

d120 2
d380 3
a382 1
# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
d431 5
a435 1
#		Peter Ilieve		peter@@memex.co.uk
d573 6
a578 6
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
a583 6
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
# 1995-97 is now in place.  The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
# came into force on 16 November.  It restates the dates from the EC
# seventh Summer Time Directive....
d696 7
a702 5
# 1981 on
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
# See EC for rules starting in 1996.
d708 1
a708 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d714 1
a714 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d725 1
a725 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
a734 12
# EC rules are for the European Community.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	EC	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	EC	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EC	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EC	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-

# W-Eur differs from EC only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
d739 1
a739 1
Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
a740 1
Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
a741 2
# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EC only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
d762 4
a765 1
Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d767 3
a769 1
Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d795 1
a795 1
Zone	WET		0:00	EC	WET%s
d797 2
a798 1
Zone	EET		2:00	EC	EET%s
a836 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d845 1
a845 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d865 2
a866 2
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d929 2
a930 2
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d941 2
a942 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a962 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d973 2
a974 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d992 2
a993 2
			1:00	Czech	MET%s	1979
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1019 2
a1020 2
			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980
			 1:00	EC	MET%s
d1022 2
a1023 2
			 0:00	-	WET	1981
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
a1042 5
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
a1053 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1057 9
#
# From Hannu Strang <chs@@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
# Go with Strang instead.
#
d1066 3
a1068 1
			2:00	EC	EET%s
d1133 2
a1134 2
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1155 2
a1156 2
			1:00	Germany	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1164 2
a1165 2
			1:00	-	MET	1982
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1203 2
a1204 4
			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1981
			# Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
			# go with EC intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EC	EET%s
d1235 1
a1235 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1349 3
a1351 5
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s

Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
a1353 2
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vatican Holy_See All points
# ZONE-DESCR Europe San_Marino San_Marino All points
a1368 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1375 2
a1376 2
			1:00	-	MET	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1393 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1430 2
a1431 2
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1979
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1442 2
a1443 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1445 1
a1445 1
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje Fmr_Yugoslav_Rep_Of_Macedonia All points
d1461 2
a1462 2
			1:00	Malta	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1473 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1483 2
a1484 2
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1513 2
a1514 2
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	-
d1521 2
a1522 2
			1:00	Neth	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1545 2
a1546 2
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1589 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1662 1
a1662 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1666 1
a1666 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1681 1
a1681 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
a1708 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1825 1
a1825 2

# Yugoslavia (what's left of it -- mostly Serbia)
d1832 2
a1833 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1844 2
a1845 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1891 2
a1892 2
			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979
			 1:00	EC	MET%s
d1897 1
a1897 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
d1908 2
a1909 2
			1:00	-	MET	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1922 1
a1922 1
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
d1925 1
a1925 1
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
d1929 2
a1930 2
			1:00	Swiss	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1997 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a2016 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
@


1.4.4.2
log
@Bring new timezone files onto vendor branch.  Kill Presidential Election
Time and solar goop.  (backward was not pulled over since it's not used
by default.)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.31
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
d35 11
a45 11
#	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev (was 3:00)*
#	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)*
#	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk (was 5:00)*
#	 6:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk (was 7:00)
#	 7:00	TSK TSD	Tomsk (was 6:00)*
#	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk (was 7:00)*
#	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk (was 8:00)*
#	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok (was 9:00)*
#	11:00	MSK MSD	Magadan (was 10:00)*
#	12:00	PSK PSD	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)*
#	13:00	ASK ASD	Anadyr (was 12:00)*
d57 1
a57 1
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
d68 3
a70 2
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
d606 2
a607 2
# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
d908 1
d910 2
a911 2
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1164 5
d1171 1
a1171 4
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
d1173 2
a1174 2
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
d1483 1
a1483 1
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
d1532 1
a1532 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
d1535 1
a1535 1
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
a1542 2
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
d1742 5
d1857 1
d1859 5
a1863 5
			10:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
			11:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MS%s
a1864 1

d1880 11
a1890 2
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
d1892 1
a1892 1
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points
a1936 1
Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
a2090 12

# Yugoslavia
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s

# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points
@


1.4.4.3
log
@Copy Portugal change over to -stable.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.32
d1719 1
a1719 6
			 1:00	EC	MET%s	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
			 0:00	-     "WET DST"	1996 Oct 27 1:00u
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
@


1.3
log
@Add more comments for tzsetup and fix some old ones.
@
text
@a1353 2
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Vatican_City All points
# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome San_Marino All points
@


1.2
log
@Correct Europe/Helsinki specification: usee E-Eur not M-Eur rules.
@
text
@d727 4
d838 2
d847 2
d868 2
d882 2
d932 2
d944 2
d964 2
d976 2
d995 2
d1034 7
d1055 2
d1070 2
d1136 2
d1158 2
d1167 2
d1206 2
d1237 2
d1302 2
d1353 4
d1372 2
d1380 2
d1397 2
d1435 2
d1447 2
d1466 2
d1477 2
d1488 2
d1526 2
d1555 3
d1593 2
d1685 4
d1692 2
d1712 2
d1736 1
d1743 1
d1750 1
d1757 1
d1772 1
d1779 1
d1787 1
d1794 1
d1802 1
d1810 1
d1818 1
d1826 1
d1837 2
d1849 2
d1901 3
d1913 2
d1934 2
d2002 2
d2031 3
@


1.1
log
@Initial revision
@
text
@d1035 3
a1037 1
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
@


1.1.1.1
log
@1999a revision of timezone data from Arthur Olson and friends.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1999a.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.57
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
d9 3
a11 11
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
#
# Gwillim Law <LAW@@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
d19 1
a19 1
# Corrections are welcome!
d22 1
d24 5
a28 2
#	-3:00	WGT WGST Western Greenland*
#	-1:00	EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
d30 3
a32 4
#	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
#	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
#	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
#	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
d34 14
d53 2
a54 21
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.

d58 1
a58 2
# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
d60 1
a60 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
d68 1
a68 1
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
d76 1
a76 1
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
d81 1
a81 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
d107 1
a107 16
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.

# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
d118 1
a118 142
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
#
# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
# volumes.
#
# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
#
# Some definitions:
#
# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
# Ireland (since 1922)
# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
#
# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
# or the Channel Islands.
#
# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
# check these documents again.
#
# ---
#
# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
#
# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
# various forms of local mean time.
#
# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
#
# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
#
# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
#
# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
# to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
#
# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
# of the then current war.
#
# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
#
# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
# would have been:
# Dublin        London
# 02:34:38 IST  02:59:59 BST
# 02:34:39 IST  02:00:00 GMT
# 02:59:59 IST  02:25:20 GMT
# 02:25:21 GMT  02:25:21 GMT
# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
#
# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
#
# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
#   (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
#
# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
d120 1
a120 1
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
d122 157
a278 1
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
d280 1
a280 38
# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
#
# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
#
# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
#
# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
d286 1
a286 2
# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
d288 2
a289 1
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
d291 1
a291 22
# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
#
# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1924.
#
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
#
# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1925.
#
# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
#
# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
# accordingly.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
d294 2
a295 6
# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
#
# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
#
# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
d297 2
a298 1
# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
d301 4
a304 7
# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
#
# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
d306 2
a307 1
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
a308 1
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
d310 1
d312 2
a313 1
# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
a314 1
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
d318 22
a339 78
# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
#
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
#
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
#
# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
# unusual start on a Monday:
#
#  `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
#   Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
#   regarding double summer time.
#
#   [two other similar questions omitted]
#
#   Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
#   considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
#   double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
#   maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
#   when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
#   double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
#   Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
#   Monday, 2nd April.'
#
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
#
# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
#
# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
# not continued after 1947.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
d341 2
a342 2
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
d344 1
a344 46
# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
#
# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
#
# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
#
# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
#
# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
#
# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
#
# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
#
# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
#
# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
#
# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
#   1965: 21 March to 24 October
#   1966: 20 March to 23 October
#   1967: 19 March to 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
#
# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
#
# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
d347 5
a351 13
# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
#
# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
# summer time in 1968.
d353 1
a353 1
# - The Manx Time Act 1968
d358 1
a358 1
# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
d360 1
a360 1
# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
d364 39
a402 161
# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
#
# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
#
# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
#
# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
#
# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
# time. The dates:
#   1981: 29 March
#   1982: 28 March
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
#
# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
#   1981: 29 March to 25 October
#   1982: 28 March to 24 October
#
# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
#   (82/399/EEC)
#
# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
#   1983: 25 September or 23 October
#   1984: 30 September or 28 october
#   1985: 29 September or 27 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
#
# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1983: 27 March to 23 October
#   1984: 25 March to 28 october
#   1985: 31 March to 27 October
#
# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
#   (84/634/EEC)
#
# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
#   1986: 28 September or 26 October
#   1987: 27 September or 25 October
#   1988: 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
#
# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1986: 30 March to 26 October
#   1987: 29 March to 25 October
#   1988: 27 March to 23 October
#
# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
#   on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
#
# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
# without any change to the dates themselves.
#
# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
#   (88/14/EEC)
#
# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
#   1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
#
# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
#
# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
#   (89/47/EEC)
#
# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
# in October) and specific dates:
#   1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
#   1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
#   1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
#
# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
#   arrangements
#
# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
#   1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
#   1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
#
# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
#   1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
#   1996: 31 March to 27 October
#   1997: 30 March to 26 October
#
# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
#
# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
# on the subject.
#
# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
#   1998: 29 March to 25 October
#   1999: 28 March to 31 October
#   2000: 26 March to 29 October
#   2001: 25 March to 28 October
#
# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# </a>
#
# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.

# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.
d404 1
a404 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
d406 193
a598 1
# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
d609 1
a609 1
#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
d614 1
a614 1
#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
a615 3
#     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
d617 2
a618 2
# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore them for now.
d620 1
a620 1
#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
a621 2
#     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
a624 8
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".

d626 2
a627 1
# Summer Time Act, 1916
a629 1
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
a631 1
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
a633 1
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
a635 1
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
a636 1
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
a637 1
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
a639 1
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
a640 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d644 2
a645 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
a646 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
d648 1
a648 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d650 1
a650 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d652 1
a652 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d654 1
a654 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d656 1
a656 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d658 4
a661 6
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d663 1
a663 3
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
d665 6
a670 7
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
d672 1
a672 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d675 1
a675 1
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
d677 1
a677 2
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
d679 2
a680 5
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
d682 2
a683 4
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d685 1
a685 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d687 1
a687 4
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
a688 4
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
a689 5
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
#	(no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
d691 4
d696 7
a702 12
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
d706 3
a708 4
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
d711 4
a714 5
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s   # Irish Summer Time
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
d717 3
a719 4
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
d721 1
a721 1
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
d723 3
a725 4
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
d731 2
a732 13
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
# Common Market, etc.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-

# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
d735 18
a752 15
Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-

# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
d754 23
a776 25
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d778 1
a778 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
d780 7
a786 16
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
#
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d791 6
a796 30
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.

# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
#	Postfach 3345
#	D-38023 Braunschweig
#	phone: +49 531 592-0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
d798 1
d802 1
a802 1
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
d804 1
a804 1
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
d806 1
a806 1
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
d808 1
a808 1
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d810 1
a810 1
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d812 1
a812 1
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
d814 1
a814 1
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
d816 1
a816 1
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
d818 1
a818 1
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d820 1
a820 1
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
d822 1
a822 1
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d824 1
a824 1
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
d826 2
a827 1
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d830 3
a832 4
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d838 2
a839 2
			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d843 2
a844 1
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
d846 1
a846 1
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d848 1
a848 1
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
d850 2
a851 2
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
d854 5
a858 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Jun 16 3:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a860 1
# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
d863 2
a864 1
			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
d866 5
a870 7
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 2:00s
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT
d873 7
a879 18
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
#	pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
#	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@@belnet.be> for these references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
# 
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
a880 1
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d882 23
a904 20
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
d906 1
a906 3
Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
d908 1
a908 1
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
d911 8
a918 9
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d921 8
a928 1
# see Yugoslavia
d931 2
d934 1
a934 1
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
d936 1
a936 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	S
d941 1
a941 1
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
d943 1
a943 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  3:00
d945 2
a946 3
			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d949 8
a956 1
# see Yugosloavia
a958 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
d960 2
a961 1
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
d963 1
a963 1
Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
d965 3
a967 3
Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
d970 4
a973 4
			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d975 1
a975 2
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d977 1
a977 1
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
d979 2
a980 2
Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
d982 1
a982 1
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d984 1
a984 1
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
d986 1
a986 1
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
d994 5
a998 5
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1000 7
a1006 21
			 0:00	-	WET	1981
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.

#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
d1008 3
a1010 3
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
d1013 1
a1013 14
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.''
d1016 3
a1018 3
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
d1021 4
a1024 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1026 10
# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
#
# From Hannu Strang <chs@@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
# Go with Strang instead.
#
d1028 2
a1029 1
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
d1033 3
a1035 3
			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1037 4
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
#
d1041 7
a1047 6
Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1049 1
a1049 1
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1051 1
a1051 1
Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
d1053 17
a1069 17
Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
d1071 1
a1071 1
Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
d1074 9
a1082 13
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis.Excoffier@@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
d1084 16
a1099 17
# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1101 9

# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
#
#	<a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
#	Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
#	</a>

d1103 3
a1105 6
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only.  Guess 3:00 transition times.
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	31	3:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	23	3:00	1:00	S
d1107 8
a1114 11
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
# go with Shanks.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1117 3
a1119 3
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr 2 2:00
			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1125 2
a1126 2
			1:00	-	CET	1982
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1129 3
d1133 1
d1135 1
a1135 1
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
d1138 1
a1138 1
Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
d1141 1
a1141 1
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1144 1
a1144 1
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1146 1
a1146 1
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
d1148 1
a1148 1
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
d1150 1
a1150 1
Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
d1153 1
a1153 1
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
d1155 1
a1155 1
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1159 5
a1163 7
			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
			# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1165 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
d1167 2
a1168 3
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
d1170 1
a1170 1
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
d1172 1
a1172 1
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
d1174 1
a1174 1
Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1176 2
a1177 2
Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1179 1
a1179 1
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
d1181 1
a1181 1
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
d1183 1
a1183 1
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
d1185 1
a1185 1
Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
d1188 5
a1192 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  1 23:00
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1196 1
a1196 1
# From Adam David <adam@@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
d1199 1
a1199 1
# (1993-12-05):
d1213 1
a1213 1
# (1993-12-10):
d1221 2
a1222 1
# might mean something else (???).
d1224 1
a1224 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
d1230 12
a1241 11
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
d1243 2
a1244 2
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
d1246 1
a1246 1
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
d1248 3
a1250 3
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
d1253 2
a1254 2
			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
d1258 6
a1263 31
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year	FP	Shanks (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
d1265 1
a1265 1
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
d1267 8
a1274 8
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
d1276 1
a1276 1
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
d1278 1
a1278 1
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
d1280 1
a1280 1
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
d1282 2
a1283 2
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
d1285 1
a1285 1
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
d1288 1
a1288 1
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d1290 2
a1291 2
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
d1293 2
a1294 2
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
d1299 6
a1304 8
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
d1307 1
a1307 39

# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):

# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
#
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
#
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1310 4
a1313 5
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
d1316 4
a1319 7
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
			# Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
			# Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1324 2
a1325 2
			1:00	-	CET	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1328 1
d1331 3
a1333 3
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
d1335 1
a1335 1
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
d1337 4
a1340 13
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
d1345 2
a1346 1
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1348 1
a1348 1
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
d1350 1
a1350 1
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1352 1
a1352 1
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
d1354 1
a1354 1
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1356 1
a1356 1
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1358 1
a1358 1
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
d1360 1
a1360 1
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
d1362 1
a1362 1
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
d1364 5
a1368 5
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
d1371 6
a1376 6
			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1379 8
a1386 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1390 1
a1390 1
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
d1392 1
a1392 1
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
d1394 1
a1394 1
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
d1396 1
a1396 1
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
d1399 5
a1403 5
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1406 1
d1410 3
a1412 3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1415 1
a1415 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
d1418 4
a1421 4
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1423 2
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
d1425 1
d1427 2
a1428 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
d1436 1
a1436 1
Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
a1445 2
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
d1447 3
a1449 3
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	-
d1454 4
a1457 4
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:40
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1459 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d1461 1
d1463 1
a1463 1
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
d1466 1
a1466 1
Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	S
d1469 1
a1469 1
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d1471 1
a1471 1
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
d1473 1
a1473 1
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
d1476 6
a1481 7
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT

# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
d1487 2
d1491 1
a1491 1
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
d1495 1
a1495 1
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
d1497 1
a1497 1
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	S
d1499 1
a1499 1
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
d1501 1
a1501 1
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
d1503 1
a1503 1
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
d1505 2
a1506 2
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
d1508 2
a1509 2
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	S
d1513 7
a1519 13
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
# </a>
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
a1521 18
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
d1523 2
a1524 1
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
d1527 1
a1527 1
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
d1529 5
a1533 5
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1535 1
a1535 1
Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
d1537 4
a1540 4
Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
d1543 1
a1543 1
Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
d1545 1
a1545 1
Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
d1549 2
a1550 2
Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
d1552 3
a1554 3
Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
d1557 1
a1557 1
Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
d1560 4
a1563 4
Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
d1565 4
a1568 4
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
d1570 1
a1570 1
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1574 1
a1574 1
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1576 1
a1576 1
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1578 1
a1578 1
Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1581 3
a1583 3
Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1586 12
a1597 7
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1600 4
a1603 5
			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
d1606 7
a1612 3
			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1615 2
d1618 2
a1619 1
Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1621 2
a1622 2
Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
d1624 1
a1624 1
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
a1625 2
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
d1628 3
a1630 5
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1633 13
a1645 37

# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
# reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 - 	LMT	1893 Apr
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			 2:00	Poland	CET	1946
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1994
# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
d1647 2
a1648 2
			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
d1650 2
a1651 2
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
d1653 7
a1659 7
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT
d1661 5
a1665 5
			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d1667 6
a1672 6
			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
d1677 1
d1679 13
a1691 13
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
d1693 6
a1698 6
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
d1700 5
a1704 5
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
d1706 7
a1712 6
			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
d1714 5
a1718 5
			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
d1721 5
a1725 5
			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
d1727 5
a1731 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d1733 9
a1741 2
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
d1744 8
a1751 1
# see Yugoslavia
a1753 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1755 1
d1757 1
a1757 1
Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
d1759 2
a1760 2
Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
d1762 1
a1762 1
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1765 1
a1765 1
Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
d1768 3
a1770 3
Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
d1772 1
a1772 1
Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
d1774 3
a1776 3
Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1778 7
a1784 8
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
d1786 1
a1786 1
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
d1788 1
a1788 1
Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
d1790 1
a1790 1
Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
a1791 10
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
d1794 3
a1796 11
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
			 0:00	-	WET	1924
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	CET	1986
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1798 1
a1798 1
			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
d1800 2
a1801 4
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
a1803 26

# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader)
# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com">
# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
# </a>
# Date: 1996-07-06
#
# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
#
# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
# year!...
#
# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
#
# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)

d1806 5
a1810 5
			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
			1:00	-	CET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1812 2
# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
d1818 1
d1820 2
a1821 2
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
d1823 2
a1824 2
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
d1827 3
a1829 3
			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1832 2
d1835 2
a1836 1
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1838 1
a1838 1
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
d1840 1
a1840 1
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d1842 1
a1842 1
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
d1845 1
a1845 1
Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
d1847 1
a1847 1
Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1849 1
a1849 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1851 1
a1851 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1853 1
a1853 1
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1856 1
a1856 1
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d1858 1
a1858 1
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1860 1
a1860 1
Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
d1862 3
a1864 3
Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
d1866 1
a1866 1
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
d1868 1
a1868 1
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
d1870 1
a1870 1
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
d1872 1
a1872 1
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
d1874 1
a1874 1
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
d1876 1
a1876 1
Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1878 2
a1879 2
Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
d1881 1
a1881 1
Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
d1883 2
a1884 2
Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
d1886 1
a1886 1
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
d1890 5
a1894 6
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1986
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1899 6
a1904 24
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	UST	# Ukrainian Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean Time
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	UDST	# Ukrainian Double Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	CST	# Crimean Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	NMT	# Nikolayev Mean Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	CDST	# Crimean Double Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	NMT
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	NMT
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d1907 2
a1908 1
			2:02:04	Ukraine	%s	1924 May  2
d1910 2
a1911 3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul 17
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1996
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1913 2
a1914 1
			2:08:00	Crimea	%s	1924 May  2
d1916 8
a1923 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Feb
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Yugoslavia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
d1993 1
a1993 1
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
d2000 18
@


1.1.1.2
log
@Latest timezone database from Arthur Olson.  Updates in this round:

Current or prospective timestamps: Georgia, Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil

Historial timestamps and/or commentary: Malaysia, Mongolia, Singapore,
Peru, Russua, Israel, United States, Canada

Changes in Argentina and Brazil have created several new time zone regions.
Users are encouraged to rerun tzsetup(8), even if current times appear
correct, to ensure that future times will be interepreted correctly.

Obtained from: Arthur Olson, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2004e.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.88
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
d12 1
a12 1
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
d18 2
a19 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d21 3
a23 15
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#	which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#	</a> (1914-03)
#
#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
#	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
#	History of Summer Time
#	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)

d28 11
a38 14
#                   std dst  2dst
#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
d41 2
a42 1
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
d69 1
d97 3
a99 2
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
d102 1
a102 1
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
d104 1
a104 3
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
d106 2
a107 2
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
d112 1
a112 1
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
d115 2
a116 2
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
d118 1
a118 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
d120 1
a120 2
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d125 1
a125 18
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.

# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
#	-- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
#	</a>
d150 546
a695 31
# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).

# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png

# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use `BDST'.

# Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
d697 3
d701 1
a701 1
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
d709 1
a709 1
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
d711 9
a719 1
# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
d721 1
a721 1
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
d733 2
a734 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
a737 4
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
a741 20
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
# to London.  For example:
#
#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
d773 1
a774 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d862 1
a862 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
d868 1
a868 1
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT
d874 2
a875 2
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
a901 5
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# </a>
d943 1
a943 1
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
d948 3
d1033 1
a1044 8

# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
# for 1945-04-12.

d1048 2
a1053 2
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
d1056 3
a1058 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1946
d1063 1
d1070 1
a1070 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1072 2
a1073 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
d1089 1
a1089 1
#
a1102 4
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
d1137 1
a1137 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
a1139 6
#
# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
d1154 1
a1154 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1157 1
a1157 4
# see Serbia and Montenegro

# Cyprus
# See the `asia' file.
d1160 1
d1177 1
a1211 56
# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
# Scoresbysund			UTC-1
# Danmarkshavn			UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
#
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
a1213 2
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
d1218 1
a1218 5
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
			0:00	-	GMT
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d1225 1
a1225 1
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
a1242 33

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).

# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that.

# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.

# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.

d1253 1
a1253 3
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
d1257 1
a1275 4
# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


d1277 3
a1279 13

# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987


d1282 1
a1293 3
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks.
d1314 2
a1315 8
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
d1340 2
a1341 2
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
a1342 2
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks.
d1353 4
a1356 13
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]

# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.

d1360 5
a1364 2
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
d1367 1
d1371 2
d1426 1
d1485 1
a1485 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d1488 1
a1488 1
# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1518 1
a1518 7
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
d1522 1
a1522 1
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
a1629 20
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).

# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....

d1643 2
a1647 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
a1656 31

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.

# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.

# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm


d1670 8
a1677 3
			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1715 1
a1715 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d1735 6
a1740 26

# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But moldavizolit@@tirastel.md and mk@@tirastel.md separately reported via
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1751 1

a1753 36

# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
#
# (2001-04-08):
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
#
# (2001-04-09):
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
# actually followed.
#
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
#
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.

# The data before 1945 are taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.

d1755 3
a1757 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
d1760 1
d1762 3
a1764 2
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
d1766 5
a1770 5
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
d1777 1
d1780 2
a1781 4
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
d1783 3
a1785 3
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
d1791 1
d1796 4
a1799 2
# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
d1806 1
a1806 1
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
a1812 47

# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
d1814 3
a1816 1
Link	Europe/Oslo	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
d1849 1
a1849 1
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
d1851 2
a1852 2
# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
a1855 11
#
# From Marcin.Kasperski@@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
# worth further discussion.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
# EU rules in 1999.
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1858 1
a1876 3
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks.
a1937 2
# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
d1939 1
a1939 1
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
d1947 1
a1947 1
			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
d1954 1
a1954 1
			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
a1959 8
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
d1976 1
a1976 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1980 12
a1991 2
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
d1993 1
a1993 8
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
#
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
d1997 1
a1997 1
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
a2005 16
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
#
d2007 1
a2007 3
#
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
d2009 1
a2009 1
			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
d2011 4
a2015 21
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
d2017 1
a2017 2
			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
d2021 2
a2022 1
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2024 8
a2031 19
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
d2033 2
a2034 1
			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2036 2
a2037 5
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
d2039 2
a2040 1
			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2042 7
a2048 4
#
# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
d2050 4
a2053 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
d2055 2
a2056 7
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
d2058 2
a2059 1
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
a2060 4
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
d2062 2
a2063 2
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
d2065 2
a2066 1
			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2068 2
a2069 12
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
d2071 2
a2072 1
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2074 3
a2076 8
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
d2078 2
a2079 1
			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
a2080 16
#
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
d2082 1
a2082 1
			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
d2084 2
a2085 1
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2087 3
a2089 7
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
d2091 2
a2092 1
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
a2093 2
#
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
d2095 5
a2099 21
			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT

# Serbia and Montenegro
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
d2105 1
a2105 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d2108 1
d2180 5
a2184 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
d2186 24
a2209 47
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
# hour before the event took place.
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
d2214 3
a2216 1
# From Howse:
d2224 1
a2224 1
# From Shanks:
d2247 1
d2298 25
a2322 9
#
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"

a2323 1
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
d2325 1
a2325 1
			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
d2327 2
a2328 18
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	-	CET	1940
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
a2329 11
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
d2331 1
a2331 1
			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
d2333 4
a2336 7
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
d2338 2
a2339 3
# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
d2341 1
a2341 2
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
d2344 1
a2344 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
d2346 16
@


1.1.2.1
log
@Latest version of the timezone data files from Arthur David Olson, to
go with the code imported yesterday.

Obtained from: Arthur David Olson, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata94f.tar.gz
@
text
@@


1.1.2.2
log
@Latest timezone data from Arthur David Olson

Obtained from:	Arthur David Olson <ado@@elsie.nci.nih.gov>
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.17
a55 22
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
# The original six [EU members]: Belguim, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
# ...
# The only [current nonmember using EU rules] I can speak for is Estonia,
# which uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. I don't
# think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
# ...
# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
# in the Directive.

d120 2
d380 3
a382 1
# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
d431 5
a435 1
#		Peter Ilieve		peter@@memex.co.uk
d573 6
a578 6
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
a583 6
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
# 1995-97 is now in place.  The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
# came into force on 16 November.  It restates the dates from the EC
# seventh Summer Time Directive....
d696 7
a702 5
# 1981 on
Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
# See EC for rules starting in 1996.
d708 1
a708 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d714 1
a714 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
d725 1
a725 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
			 0:00	EC	GMT/BST
a730 12
# EC rules are for the European Community.

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	EC	1800	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	EC	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EC	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EC	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EC	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-

# W-Eur differs from EC only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
d735 1
a735 1
Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
a736 1
Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
a737 2
# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EC only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
d758 4
a761 1
Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d763 3
a765 1
Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d791 1
a791 1
Zone	WET		0:00	EC	WET%s
d793 2
a794 1
Zone	EET		2:00	EC	EET%s
a832 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d839 1
a839 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d857 2
a858 2
			1:00	Austria	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d917 2
a918 2
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d927 2
a928 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a946 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d955 2
a956 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d972 2
a973 2
			1:00	Czech	MET%s	1979
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d997 2
a998 2
			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980
			 1:00	EC	MET%s
d1000 2
a1001 2
			 0:00	-	WET	1981
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
a1013 5
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
a1024 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1026 9
#
# From Hannu Strang <chs@@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
# Go with Strang instead.
#
d1035 1
a1035 1
			2:00	EC	EET%s
d1098 2
a1099 2
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1118 2
a1119 2
			1:00	Germany	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1125 2
a1126 2
			1:00	-	MET	1982
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1162 2
a1163 4
			2:00	Greece	EET%s	1981
			# Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
			# go with EC intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EC	EET%s
d1192 1
a1192 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1302 3
a1304 5
			1:00	Italy	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s

Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
a1319 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1324 2
a1325 2
			1:00	-	MET	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1340 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1375 2
a1376 2
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1979
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1385 2
a1386 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1402 2
a1403 2
			1:00	Malta	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1412 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1420 2
a1421 2
			1:00	France	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1448 2
a1449 2
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	May	20	2:00s	0	-
d1456 2
a1457 2
			1:00	Neth	MET%s	1977
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1478 2
a1479 2
			1:00	Norway	MET%s	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1519 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1590 1
a1590 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1594 1
a1594 1
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1609 1
a1609 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
a1630 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1733 1
a1733 1
# Yugoslavia (what's left of it -- mostly Serbia)
d1740 2
a1741 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1750 2
a1751 2
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1795 2
a1796 2
			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979
			 1:00	EC	MET%s
d1801 1
a1801 1
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
d1809 2
a1810 2
			1:00	-	MET	1980
			1:00	EC	MET%s
d1821 1
a1821 1
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
d1824 1
a1824 1
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
d1828 2
a1829 2
			1:00	Swiss	MET%s	1981
			1:00	EC	MET%s
a1894 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
a1911 1
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
@


1.1.2.3
log
@Latest rlelease of timezone data files.

Obtained from: Arthud David Olson <ado@@elsie.nci.nih.gov>
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.31
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
d35 11
a45 11
#	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev (was 3:00)*
#	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)*
#	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk (was 5:00)*
#	 6:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk (was 7:00)
#	 7:00	TSK TSD	Tomsk (was 6:00)*
#	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk (was 7:00)*
#	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk (was 8:00)*
#	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok (was 9:00)*
#	11:00	MSK MSD	Magadan (was 10:00)*
#	12:00	PSK PSD	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)*
#	13:00	ASK ASD	Anadyr (was 12:00)*
d57 1
a57 1
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
d68 3
a70 2
# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
d606 2
a607 2
# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
d898 1
d900 2
a901 2
			2:00	M-Eur	EET%s
#			This may change to `EC' soon.
d1131 5
d1138 1
a1138 4
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
# Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
d1140 2
a1141 2
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
d1428 1
a1428 1
			1:00	Belgium	MET%s	1977
d1469 1
a1469 1
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
d1472 1
a1472 1
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
a1477 2
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
d1666 3
d1768 1
d1770 5
a1774 5
			10:00	-	MSK	1957 Mar
			11:00	Russia	MS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MS%s
d1789 9
a1797 2
# Slovakia
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
a1839 1
Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
a1981 10

# Yugoslavia
# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	MET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00  "MET DST"	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	MET	1983
			1:00	EC	MET%s
@


1.1.2.4
log
@Latest release of timezone data files.

Obtained from: Arthur David Olson <ado@@elsie.nci.nih.gov>
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.32
d1647 1
a1647 6
			 1:00	EC	MET%s	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
			 0:00	-     "WET DST"	1996 Oct 27 1:00u
			 0:00	EC	WET%s
@


1.1.2.5
log
@New timezone data files from Arthur Olson.  These files are in
the public domain.  More descriptions will follow when they are merged
onto the main branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.38
d39 1
a39 1
#	 7:00	KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00)
a127 9
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.

a420 16
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
#
# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
# summer time in 1968....

a602 5
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20):
# Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced
# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just
# before Easter).
d615 1
a615 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
a634 3
#     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
d636 2
a637 2
# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore them for now.
a640 2
#     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
#
a643 8
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".

d645 1
a708 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
d712 2
a713 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
d719 1
a719 1
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
d723 2
a724 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
d726 1
a726 1
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
d730 2
a731 2
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
d733 1
a733 1
			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
d737 2
a738 3
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
d740 1
a740 1
			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
d742 4
a745 4
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
d751 1
a751 2
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
# Common Market, etc.
d754 7
a760 6
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	" DST"
Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
d762 2
a763 1
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
d772 2
a773 1
# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
d779 5
a783 1
# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks.
d798 1
d821 1
a821 1
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WET%s
d823 1
a823 1
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EET%s
d862 1
a862 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d869 1
a869 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d873 1
d888 1
a888 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d899 1
a899 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d947 1
a947 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d957 1
a957 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d976 1
a976 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d986 1
a986 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d990 1
d1003 1
a1003 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1028 1
a1028 1
			 1:00	EU	MET%s
d1031 1
a1031 1
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1060 1
a1060 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1073 1
d1080 1
a1080 1
			2:00	EU	EET%s
d1086 1
d1142 1
a1142 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1162 1
a1162 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1169 1
a1169 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1176 1
d1207 2
a1208 2
			# go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
			2:00	EU	EET%s
d1212 1
a1212 2
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
d1233 1
a1233 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1918
d1237 1
a1237 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1275 1
a1302 23
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below),
# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute.
# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year	FP	Shanks (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see M-Eur)
#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
#
d1304 2
d1307 2
a1308 2
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1310 1
a1310 1
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
d1312 5
a1316 5
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	" DST"
Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
d1318 1
a1318 1
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
d1346 1
a1346 1
			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1944 Jul
d1348 1
a1348 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1367 1
a1367 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1373 1
a1373 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1389 1
a1389 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1394 1
d1425 1
a1425 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1435 1
a1435 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1452 1
a1452 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1462 1
a1462 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1471 1
a1471 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1477 1
d1509 1
a1509 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1513 1
d1531 1
a1531 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1572 1
a1572 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1576 1
d1643 1
a1643 1
			 0:00	EU	WET%s	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1647 1
a1647 1
			 1:00	EU	MET%s	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
d1651 2
a1652 2
			 0:00	1:00  "WET DST"	1996 Oct 27 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1667 1
a1667 1
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1673 1
d1686 1
a1686 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1733 1
d1742 6
a1747 6
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
			 6:00	-	KRSK	1957 Mar
			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRS%s
d1799 1
a1799 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1803 1
d1845 1
a1845 1
			 1:00	EU	MET%s
d1850 1
a1850 1
			 0:00	EU	WET%s
d1859 1
a1859 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1867 1
d1878 1
a1878 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
d1884 1
d1944 1
a1944 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1962 1
a1962 1
#			This may change to `EU' soon.
d1984 1
a1984 1
			1:00	EU	MET%s
@


1.1.2.6
log
@Latest timezone data files from Arthur Olson
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.40
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
d19 1
a19 1
# Corrections are welcome!
d22 1
d24 5
a28 2
#	-3:00	WGT WGST Western Greenland*
#	-1:00	EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
d30 16
a45 4
#	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
#	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
#	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
#	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
d47 1
a47 1
# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
d53 4
a56 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
a76 1

a79 1
# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
d81 1
a81 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
d102 1
a102 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
d137 1
a137 7
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
d148 1
a148 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
d175 1
a175 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
d197 1
a197 7
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
d221 1
a221 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
d254 1
a254 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
d277 1
a277 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
d446 1
a446 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
d611 1
a611 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
d634 1
a634 1
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
d722 1
a722 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d724 1
a724 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d727 1
a727 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d733 1
a733 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
d771 1
a771 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00    # Irish Summer Time
d778 2
a779 2
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 3:00
			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
d798 1
a798 1
Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
d802 1
a802 1
Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
d806 1
a806 1
Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
d810 1
a810 1
Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
d813 7
a819 7
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d821 4
a824 4
Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
d826 17
a842 17
Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	MST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d844 1
a844 1
# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
d846 7
a852 7
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	DS
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1984	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d857 5
a861 30
Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT

# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.

# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
#
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
#	Postfach 3345
#	D-38023 Braunschweig
#	phone: +49 531 592-0
#
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
#
#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
d863 1
d867 1
a867 1
Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
d869 1
a869 1
Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
d871 1
a871 1
Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
d873 1
a873 1
Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d875 1
a875 1
Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d877 1
a877 1
Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
d879 1
a879 1
Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
d881 1
a881 1
Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
d883 1
a883 1
Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d885 1
a885 1
Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
d887 1
a887 1
Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d889 1
a889 1
Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
d891 1
a891 1
Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d895 4
a898 3
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1985 Mar 31 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
d904 2
a905 2
			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d909 1
a909 1
Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
d911 1
a911 1
Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d913 1
a913 1
Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
d915 2
a916 2
Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
d919 5
a923 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Jun 16 3:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d928 2
a929 2
			2:30:20	Russia	%s	1919 Jul 1 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1922 Oct # Moscow Time
d931 4
a934 3
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d940 1
a940 1
Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
d943 1
a943 1
Rule	Belgium	1920	1921	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d946 1
a946 1
Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
d949 7
a955 7
Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
d957 7
a963 7
Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
d965 1
a965 1
Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
d967 2
a968 2
Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
d970 1
a970 1
Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
d972 1
a972 1
Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
d976 1
a976 1
			0:17:20	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
d978 5
a982 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Mar  1 23:00
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 Feb 24 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d985 1
d988 5
a992 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d995 2
d998 1
a998 1
Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
d1000 1
a1000 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat<=7	23:00	1:00	S
d1005 1
a1005 1
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
d1007 1
a1007 1
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  3:00
d1009 3
a1011 2
			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1014 1
d1017 5
a1021 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1023 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
d1025 1
a1025 1
Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
d1027 1
a1027 1
Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
d1029 3
a1031 3
Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
d1034 4
a1037 4
			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1039 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d1041 1
a1041 1
Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1043 2
a1044 2
Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1046 1
a1046 1
Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1048 1
a1048 1
Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1050 1
a1050 1
Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1058 5
a1062 5
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Apr  # Copenhagen Mean Time
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1065 1
a1065 1
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1067 3
a1069 3
			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
			-1:00	C-Eur	EG%sT
d1072 1
a1072 1
			-3:00	C-Eur	WG%sT
d1077 2
d1085 3
a1087 3
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
d1089 6
a1094 5
			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
a1096 1
# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
d1107 1
a1107 1
Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
d1111 3
a1113 3
			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1115 3
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
#
d1119 1
a1119 1
Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1121 4
a1124 4
Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1126 1
a1126 1
Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d1128 1
a1128 1
Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
d1130 17
a1146 17
Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
d1148 1
a1148 1
Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
d1151 9
a1159 9
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 0:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Nov	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	DS
d1161 1
a1161 1
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1170 5
a1174 5
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1176 1

d1178 3
a1180 3
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	DS
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
d1182 1
a1182 1
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
d1185 5
a1189 5
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1192 3
a1194 3
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr 2 2:00
			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1200 2
a1201 2
			1:00	-	CET	1982
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1204 3
d1209 1
a1209 1
Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
d1212 1
a1212 1
Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
d1215 1
a1215 1
Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1218 1
a1218 1
Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1220 1
a1220 1
Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
d1222 1
a1222 1
Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
d1224 1
a1224 1
Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
d1227 1
a1227 1
Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
d1229 1
a1229 1
Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1233 5
a1237 5
			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
			# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1239 1
a1239 1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a1241 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
d1243 1
a1243 1
Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
d1245 1
a1245 1
Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
d1247 1
a1247 1
Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
d1249 1
a1249 1
Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
d1251 1
a1251 1
Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1253 2
a1254 2
Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1256 1
a1256 1
Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
d1258 1
a1258 1
Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
d1260 1
a1260 1
Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
d1262 1
a1262 1
Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
d1265 5
a1269 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  1 23:00
			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1273 1
a1273 1
# From Adam David <adam@@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
d1276 1
a1276 1
# (1993-12-05):
d1290 1
a1290 1
# (1993-12-10):
d1298 2
a1299 1
# might mean something else (???).
d1301 1
a1301 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
d1307 11
a1317 11
Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
d1319 2
a1320 2
Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
d1322 1
a1322 1
Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
d1324 3
a1326 3
Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
d1329 2
a1330 2
			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
a1333 2
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
#
d1336 2
a1337 2
# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
d1351 1
a1351 1
# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
d1358 1
a1358 1
Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
d1360 1
a1360 1
Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
d1362 1
a1362 1
Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
d1364 2
a1365 2
Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
d1367 1
a1367 1
Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
d1369 1
a1369 1
Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
d1371 1
a1371 1
Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
d1373 1
a1373 1
Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
d1375 1
a1375 1
Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
d1377 1
a1377 1
Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
d1379 2
a1380 2
Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
d1382 1
a1382 1
Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
d1385 1
a1385 1
Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d1387 2
a1388 2
Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
d1390 2
a1391 2
Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
d1396 5
a1400 5
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov	# Rome Mean Time
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1406 1
d1409 4
a1412 5
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
d1414 6
a1419 5
			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Jul # Moscow Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug  8
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1424 2
a1425 2
			1:00	-	CET	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1428 1
d1431 3
a1433 3
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
d1435 7
a1441 6
			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
			3:00	-	MOST	1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1446 1
a1446 1
Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1448 1
a1448 1
Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
d1450 1
a1450 1
Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1452 1
a1452 1
Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
d1454 1
a1454 1
Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1456 1
a1456 1
Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
d1458 1
a1458 1
Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
d1460 1
a1460 1
Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
d1462 1
a1462 1
Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
d1464 5
a1468 5
Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
d1471 6
a1476 6
			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1479 1
d1482 5
a1486 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1490 1
a1490 1
Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
d1492 1
a1492 1
Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
d1494 1
a1494 1
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
d1496 1
a1496 1
Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
d1499 5
a1503 5
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1506 1
d1510 4
a1513 3
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1520 3
a1522 3
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1529 2
a1530 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	2:00s	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00s	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
d1538 1
a1538 1
Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
a1547 2
Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
d1549 2
a1550 2
Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d1556 4
a1559 4
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:40
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1561 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
d1564 1
a1564 1
Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
d1567 1
a1567 1
Rule	Norway	1935	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	1:00	S
d1570 1
a1570 1
Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
d1572 1
a1572 1
Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
d1574 1
a1574 1
Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
d1577 5
a1581 4
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1582 4
# Svalbard
Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
#
# Jan Mayen
d1588 2
d1592 1
a1592 1
Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
d1596 1
a1596 1
Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
d1598 1
a1598 1
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	S
d1600 1
a1600 1
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
d1602 1
a1602 1
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
d1604 1
a1604 1
Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
d1606 2
a1607 2
Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
d1609 2
a1610 2
Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	Sun>=25	1:00s	1:00	S
d1614 8
a1621 7
			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
a1623 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1625 1
a1625 1
Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
d1628 1
a1628 1
Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
d1630 5
a1634 5
Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1636 1
a1636 1
Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
d1638 4
a1641 4
Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
d1644 1
a1644 1
Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
d1646 1
a1646 1
Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
d1650 2
a1651 2
Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
d1653 3
a1655 3
Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
d1658 1
a1658 1
Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
d1661 4
a1664 4
Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
d1666 4
a1669 4
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
d1671 1
a1671 1
Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1675 1
a1675 1
Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1677 1
a1677 1
Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1679 1
a1679 1
Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1682 3
a1684 3
Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1687 6
a1692 5
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1911 May 24   # Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
d1695 1
a1695 1
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1699 2
a1700 2
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1706 4
a1709 3
			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT
d1712 4
a1715 3
			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
d1718 2
d1721 1
a1721 1
Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
d1723 2
a1724 2
Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
d1726 1
a1726 1
Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
d1730 4
a1733 3
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1736 4
a1739 7
# From Shanks (1991):
# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
#
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su>.
# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
d1743 5
d1750 2
a1751 2
			 2:30:20 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
d1753 2
a1754 2
			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
d1756 1
a1756 1
			 3:00	Russia	MOS%sT
d1758 5
a1762 5
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 3:00	1:00	KUYST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT
d1764 5
a1768 5
			 4:00	-	SVET	1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	1:00	SVEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 4:00	-	SVET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
d1770 6
a1775 6
			 5:00	-	OMST	1957 Mar # Omsk Time
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 5:00	1:00	OMSST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 5:00	-	OMST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
d1781 7
a1787 7
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk TIme
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	NOVST	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
d1789 5
a1793 5
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 6:00	1:00	KRAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
d1795 6
a1800 6
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1924 May  2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 7:00	1:00	IRKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
d1802 5
a1806 5
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 8:00	1:00	YAKST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
d1808 6
a1813 6
			 8:47:44 -	VMT	1924 May  2 # Vladivostok MT
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 9:00	1:00	VLAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
d1815 5
a1819 5
			10:00	-	MAGT	1957 Mar # Magadan Time
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			10:00	1:00	MAGST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			10:00	-	MAGT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
d1822 5
a1826 5
			11:00	-	PETT	1957 Mar # P-K Time
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	1:00	PETST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			11:00	-	PETT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
d1828 5
a1832 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			12:00	1:00	ANAST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			12:00	-	ANAT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d1838 1
d1841 5
a1845 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1847 1
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
d1850 1
a1850 1
Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
d1852 2
a1853 2
Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
d1855 1
a1855 1
Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1858 1
a1858 1
Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
d1861 3
a1863 3
Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
d1865 1
a1865 1
Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
d1867 3
a1869 3
Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
d1871 6
a1876 6
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	DS
Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
d1878 1
a1878 1
Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
d1880 1
a1880 1
Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
d1882 1
a1882 1
Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
d1884 1
a1884 1
Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
a1885 10
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
d1888 3
a1890 11
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
			 0:00	-	WET	1924
			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	CET	1986
			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1892 1
a1892 1
			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
d1894 2
a1895 2
			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
a1897 22

# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com>:
#
# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
#
# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
# year!...
#
# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
#
# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)

d1900 5
a1904 5
			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
			1:00	-	CET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1980
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1913 1
a1913 1
Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d1916 1
a1916 1
Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
d1920 3
a1922 3
			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1925 2
d1928 1
a1928 1
Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1930 1
a1930 1
Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
d1932 1
a1932 1
Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
d1934 1
a1934 1
Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
d1937 1
a1937 1
Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
d1939 1
a1939 1
Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1941 1
a1941 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1943 1
a1943 1
Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1945 1
a1945 1
Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1948 1
a1948 1
Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
d1950 1
a1950 1
Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
d1952 1
a1952 1
Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
d1954 3
a1956 3
Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
d1958 1
a1958 1
Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
d1960 1
a1960 1
Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
d1962 1
a1962 1
Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
d1964 1
a1964 1
Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
d1966 1
a1966 1
Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
d1968 1
a1968 1
Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
d1970 2
a1971 2
Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
d1973 1
a1973 1
Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
d1975 2
a1976 2
Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
d1978 1
a1978 1
Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
d1982 6
a1987 5
			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1986
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d1992 6
a1997 22
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	UST	# Ukrainian Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean TIme
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	UDST	# Ukrainian Double Summer Time
Rule	Ukraine	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	UDST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	UST
Rule	Ukraine	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	KMT
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	CST	# Crimean Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	NMT	# Nikolayev Mean Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	CDST	# Crimean Double Summer Time
Rule	Crimea	1918	only	-	Sep	17	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	NMT
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Mar	21	23:00	2:00	CDST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	CST
Rule	Crimea	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	NMT
d2000 2
a2001 1
			2:02:04	Ukraine	%s	1924 May  2
d2003 3
a2005 2
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT
d2007 2
a2008 1
			2:08:00	Crimea	%s	1924 May  2
d2010 3
a2012 3
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
d2016 2
a2017 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
			3:00	Russia	MOS%sT
d2020 1
d2023 5
a2027 5
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1983
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d2097 1
a2097 1
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
@


1.1.2.7
log
@1996 `L' release of timezone data files.  Includes corrections for historical
data in several locations.

Obtained from:	ado@@elsie.nci.nih.gov, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.41
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
d11 1
a11 9
#
# Gwillim Law <LAW@@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
a29 1
#	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
a828 8
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-

d839 1
a839 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
d846 2
a847 7
Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
Rule	Russia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d916 1
a916 2
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1991
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d947 1
a947 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
d949 1
a949 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d951 1
a951 3
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT
d1024 1
a1024 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1080 1
a1080 15
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.

#
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
d1083 2
a1084 2
			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
d1086 3
a1088 3
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
a1094 10
#
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring.''
d1101 1
a1101 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
d1103 1
a1103 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
a1420 8
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks.  They contradict
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Latvia	1992	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1992	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1429 1
a1429 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
d1431 1
a1431 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1433 1
a1433 1
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT
d1449 1
a1449 1
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
d1451 1
a1451 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
a1453 3
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
d1520 1
a1520 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1522 1
a1522 1
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
a1633 4
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
a1636 17
#
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
#
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
#
d1704 7
a1710 1
			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
d1713 3
d1720 1
a1720 3
			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
a1735 2
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
d1740 1
a1740 3
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT
d1747 7
a1753 27
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
#
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
#
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 - 	LMT	1893 Apr
			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
			 2:00	Poland	CET	1946
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 2:00	-	EET	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1994
# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
d1756 1
a1756 1
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
d1758 1
a1758 1
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1761 2
a1762 2
			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1924 May  2
d1766 2
a1767 2
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT
a1918 2
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
d2029 1
a2029 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a2055 2
Rule	Crimea	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d2060 2
a2061 3
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul 17
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1996
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2065 1
a2065 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d2067 6
a2072 8
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1994 Feb
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD
@


1.1.2.8
log
@Latest timezone data file update.  Changes are principally
editorial in nature; no new zones.

Obtained from:	Arthur David Olson, ado@@elsie.nci.nih.gov
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.42
d81 1
a81 1
# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
d89 1
a89 1
# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
d170 1
a170 1
# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
d330 1
a330 1
#   [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order]
d406 1
a406 1
# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument]
d1301 1
a1301 1
			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
d1822 3
a1824 9

# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
# reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
d1885 1
a1885 1
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
d2137 1
a2137 1
Rule	Ukraine	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	KMT	# Kiev Mean Time
@


1.1.2.9
log
@New version of the timezone database (1997i) from Arthur Olson.

Obtained from: Arthur David Olson <ado@@elsie.nci.nih.gov>
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.46
d633 4
a636 12
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06):
# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European
# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements.
# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of
# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October....
# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States.
# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond
# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001.  I doubt that
# this will happen though....
# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea.
# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will
# be quietly dropped.
d662 1
a662 1
#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
d667 1
a667 1
#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
d676 1
a676 1
#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
d824 1
d933 1
d937 2
a938 2
# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
d979 1
a979 13
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
#	pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
#	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@@belnet.be> for these references.
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
# 
d981 1
a981 2
Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
d983 3
a985 1
Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
a986 1
Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
d989 2
a990 1
Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
a996 1
Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
d998 1
d1001 1
a1001 1
Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
d1006 1
d1008 1
a1011 2
Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
d1017 6
a1022 7
Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
d1032 1
a1032 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d1058 1
a1058 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d1557 1
a1557 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d1953 1
a1953 1
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
d2193 1
a2193 4
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
@


1.1.2.10
log
@Try this import again, this time on the correct (sic) vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.57
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
d40 2
d70 1
a70 1
# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
d146 49
d201 1
a201 136
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
#
# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
# volumes.
#
# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
#
# Some definitions:
#
# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
# Ireland (since 1922)
# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
#
# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
# or the Channel Islands.
#
# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
# check these documents again.
#
# ---
#
# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
#
# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
# various forms of local mean time.
#
# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
#
# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
#
# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
#
# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
# to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
#
# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
# of the then current war.
#
# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
#
# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
# would have been:
# Dublin        London
# 02:34:38 IST  02:59:59 BST
# 02:34:39 IST  02:00:00 GMT
# 02:59:59 IST  02:25:20 GMT
# 02:25:21 GMT  02:25:21 GMT
# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
#
# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
#
# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
#   (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
#
# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
# both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
d203 108
a310 1
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
d312 1
a312 40
# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
#
# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
#
# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
#
# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
#
# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
#
# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
d318 1
a318 10
# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
#
# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
#
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
d320 2
a321 2
# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1924.
d323 1
a323 13
# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
#
# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
# 31 December 1925.
#
# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
#
# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
# accordingly.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
d326 2
a327 3
# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
#
# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
d329 2
a330 4
# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
#
# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
d333 4
a336 7
# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
#
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
#
# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
d338 2
a339 1
# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
a340 1
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
d342 1
d344 2
a345 1
# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
a346 1
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
d350 22
a371 1
# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
d373 2
a374 1
# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
d376 1
a376 3
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
d378 6
a383 1
# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
d385 1
a385 3
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
d387 2
a388 1
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
d390 1
a390 4
# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
d392 5
a396 3
# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
# unusual start on a Monday:
d398 28
a425 3
#  `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
#   Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
#   regarding double summer time.
d427 1
a427 1
#   [two other similar questions omitted]
d429 10
a438 102
#   Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
#   considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
#   double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
#   maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
#   when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
#   double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
#   Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
#   Monday, 2nd April.'
#
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
#
# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
#
# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
#
# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
#
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
# not continued after 1947.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
#
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
#
# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
#
# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
#
# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
#
# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
#
# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
#
# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
#
# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
#
# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
#
# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
#
# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
#   1965: 21 March to 24 October
#   1966: 20 March to 23 October
#   1967: 19 March to 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
#
# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
#
# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
#
# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
d448 3
a450 6
# summer time in 1968.
#
# - The Manx Time Act 1968
#
# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
d452 204
a655 167
# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
#
# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
#
# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
#
# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
#
# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
#
# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
# time. The dates:
#   1981: 29 March
#   1982: 28 March
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
#
# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
#   1981: 29 March to 25 October
#   1982: 28 March to 24 October
#
# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
#   (82/399/EEC)
#
# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
#   1983: 25 September or 23 October
#   1984: 30 September or 28 october
#   1985: 29 September or 27 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
#
# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1983: 27 March to 23 October
#   1984: 25 March to 28 october
#   1985: 31 March to 27 October
#
# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
#   (84/634/EEC)
#
# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
#   1986: 28 September or 26 October
#   1987: 27 September or 25 October
#   1988: 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
#
# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
#   1986: 30 March to 26 October
#   1987: 29 March to 25 October
#   1988: 27 March to 23 October
#
# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
#   on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
#
# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
# without any change to the dates themselves.
#
# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
#   (88/14/EEC)
#
# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
#   1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
#
# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
#
# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
#   (89/47/EEC)
#
# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
# in October) and specific dates:
#   1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
#   1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
#   1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
#
# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
#   arrangements
#
# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
#   1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
#   1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
#
# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
#
# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
#
# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
#   1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
#   1996: 31 March to 27 October
#   1997: 30 March to 26 October
#
# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
#
# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
# on the subject.
#
# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
#   of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
#
# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
#   1998: 29 March to 25 October
#   1999: 28 March to 31 October
#   2000: 26 March to 29 October
#   2001: 25 March to 28 October
#
# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
# </a>
#
# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.

# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
# </a>.
d659 1
a659 1
# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
d700 1
a700 1
# Summer Time Act, 1916
a702 1
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
a704 1
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
a706 1
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
a708 1
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
a709 1
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
a710 1
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
a712 1
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
a713 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d717 2
a718 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
a719 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
d721 1
a721 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d723 1
a723 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d725 1
a725 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d727 1
a727 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d729 1
a729 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d731 3
a733 5
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
a735 1
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
a736 1
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
d738 6
a743 7
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
d748 1
a748 1
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
d750 1
a750 2
Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
d752 2
a753 5
Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
d755 2
a756 4
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d758 1
a758 1
Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
d760 1
a760 4
Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
a761 4
Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
a762 1
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
a763 3
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
#	(no summer time)
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
d765 3
d769 1
a769 4
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
a771 3
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
a772 1
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
d783 1
a783 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s   # Irish Summer Time
d790 1
a790 1
			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
d865 1
a865 1
Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
a867 1
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
a869 2
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
a871 1
#
a972 1
# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
d975 2
a976 1
			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
a977 2
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
d980 2
a981 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 2:00s
d1045 7
a1051 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1071 7
a1077 1
# see Yugosloavia
d1096 1
a1096 1
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
d1173 1
a1173 2
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1197 1
a1197 2
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
d1203 1
a1203 1
Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
d1234 3
a1236 7
Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis.Excoffier@@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
d1238 3
a1240 3
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
d1242 1
a1242 1
Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
d1244 2
a1245 4
# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
d1251 1
a1251 1
Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
d1253 1
a1253 2
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
d1255 1
a1255 1
			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
a1260 8
# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
#
#	<a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
#	Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
#	</a>

d1263 2
a1264 5
# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only.  Guess 3:00 transition times.
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	31	3:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	23	3:00	1:00	S
d1267 2
a1268 3
# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
d1270 1
a1270 3
# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
# go with Shanks.
Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
d1419 3
a1421 5
# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
d1489 5
a1493 36

# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):

# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
#
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
#
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
#
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
#
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.

d1495 2
a1496 2
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
d1506 4
a1509 7
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
			# Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
			# Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1529 1
a1529 3
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
a1533 4
# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

d1570 7
a1576 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1672 2
a1673 2

# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
d1675 2
d1714 2
a1715 4
# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
# </a>
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
d1776 1
a1776 1
Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
d1779 1
a1779 1
Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
d1781 1
a1781 1
Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
d1966 7
a1972 1
# see Yugoslavia
d1999 1
a1999 1
Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
d2001 1
a2001 1
Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
d2047 1
a2047 5
# From: msb@@sq.com (Mark Brader)
# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@@sq.com">
# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
# </a>
# Date: 1996-07-06
a2076 2
# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
d2182 2
a2183 2
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00u	1:00	-
Rule	Crimea	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00u	0	-
d2201 1
a2201 1
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
d2203 1
a2203 4
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
			3:00	Crimea	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
a2215 4
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
d2292 18
@


1.1.2.11
log
@New timezone data.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1999b.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.58
d21 3
a23 11
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#	which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
#	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
#	History of Summer Time
#	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)

d118 1
a118 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
d120 1
a120 2
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
a1102 4
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
a1242 12

# From Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
# </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).

d1253 1
a1253 1
			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
a1293 3
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks.
d1796 4
a1799 2
# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
a1876 3
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
# Go with Shanks.
@


1.1.2.12
log
@New timezone data.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000d.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.71
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d9 2
a10 2
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
d12 1
a12 1
# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
d18 2
a19 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d49 2
a50 1
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
d77 1
d105 3
a107 2
# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
d110 1
a110 1
# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
d112 1
a112 3
# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
d114 2
a115 2
# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
d120 1
a120 1
# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
d123 2
a124 2
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
d129 1
a129 1
# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
d159 550
a708 14
# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).

# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.

# Peter Ilieve <peter@@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
# </a> (2000-02-12).
d710 1
a710 1
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
d718 1
a718 1
# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
d720 9
a728 1
# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
d730 1
a730 1
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
d742 2
a743 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 
a746 4
# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
#
# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
# we'll ignore it for now.
a751 14
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.

d782 1
a783 1
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
d871 1
a871 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
d952 1
a952 1
Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
d957 3
d1042 1
d1072 1
d1079 1
a1079 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
d1081 2
a1082 2
			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
a1152 6
#
# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
d1167 1
a1167 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1173 1
d1190 1
a1267 14
# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
# after that. 

# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.

d1279 1
a1279 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
			2:00	-	EET
d1282 1
d1302 3
d1307 1
d1395 1
d1454 1
d1513 1
a1513 1
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
d1516 1
a1516 1
# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1546 1
a1657 6
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).

d1671 2
d1676 1
a1676 2
			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
			2:00	-	EET
a1684 18

# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.

# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.

# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia. 

d1698 8
a1705 2
			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1764 5
a1768 22
Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
			2:00	-	EET	1991
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
d1809 1
d1819 1
d1875 1
a1875 1
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
d1877 2
a1878 2
# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
a1881 11
#
# From Marcin.Kasperski@@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
# worth further discussion.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
# EU rules in 1999.
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
d1884 1
a1988 8
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
d2005 1
a2005 2
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d2009 12
a2020 2
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
d2022 1
a2022 2
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d2038 1
a2038 1
			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
d2040 4
d2046 1
a2046 2
			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
d2050 2
a2051 1
			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2053 8
a2060 9
Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
d2062 2
a2063 1
			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2065 2
a2066 2
Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
d2068 2
a2069 1
			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2076 2
a2077 2
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
d2079 4
a2082 2
			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # says Shanks
d2084 2
a2085 2
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
d2087 2
a2088 1
			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2091 2
a2092 2
			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
d2094 2
a2095 1
			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2097 2
a2098 2
Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
d2100 2
a2101 1
			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2103 3
a2105 2
Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
d2107 2
a2108 1
			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2111 1
a2111 1
			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
d2113 2
a2114 1
			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2117 2
a2118 2
Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
d2120 2
a2121 1
			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
d2124 5
a2128 5
			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
d2137 1
d2208 26
d2243 3
a2245 1
# From Howse:
d2253 1
a2253 1
# From Shanks:
d2276 1
d2327 25
a2352 1
# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
d2354 1
a2354 1
			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
d2356 2
a2357 6
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
a2358 23
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
			1:00	-	CET	1940
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
d2360 1
a2360 1
			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
d2362 4
a2365 7
			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
			2:00	-	EET	1992
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
d2367 2
a2368 3
# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  For now, guess it changed in May.
			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
d2370 1
a2370 2
			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
d2373 1
a2373 1
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.1.2.13
log
@Latest timezone updates from Arthur Olson.  This update reflects changes
in Israel, Lithuania, Mexico, and Argentina.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2000f.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.73
a133 4
# See:
# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
# </a>
a1187 4
# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.

d1202 1
a1202 1
			2:00	-	EET
d1859 1
a1859 2
			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
@


1.1.2.14
log
@../changes
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.74
d167 1
a167 20
# From Joseph S. Meyers (2000-08-10):
# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
# I've put a copy of the Home Office letter at
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
# and the BBC letter may follow if I get permission from the BBC.

# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
# which is to be introduced in May....
# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
# so we use `BDST'.
d708 1
a708 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d715 1
a715 1
Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
@


1.1.2.15
log
@Latest timezone database form Arthur Olson.  This update includes changes
to the following locations:

Antarctica
Australia (additional historical comments)
Bangladesh (new spelling of Dhaka)
Brazil (multiple changes; America/Porto_Acre renamed America/Rio_Branco)
CNMI
Canada
Chile
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Falkland Islands
Fiji
France (additional history)
Guam
Israel (additional historical comments)
Latvia
Mexico
Moldova (Europe/Tiraspol removed)
Netherlands (additional history)
Paraguay
Philippines (additional history)
Tonga
United States (additional historical comments)

Obtained from:	Arthur Olson; <ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2001b.tar.gz>
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.78
a137 3
# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood
# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open
# to the public.
d167 1
a167 1
# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
d173 1
a173 1
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
d175 1
d220 1
a220 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
a405 5
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
# </a>
d589 1
a589 1
#
d771 1
a771 1
# after that.
a811 13

# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987


d848 2
a849 8
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
d874 2
a875 2
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
a876 2
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
# go with Shanks.
a1050 7
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038).
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
d1053 1
a1053 1
# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
a1166 14
# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
# appears that they will not do so....

d1184 1
a1184 2
			2:00	-	EET	2001
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1209 1
a1209 1
# already done by Estonia.
a1286 12

# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But moldavizolit@@tirastel.md and mk@@tirastel.md separately reported via
# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.

d1301 9
a1322 2
# The data before 1945 is taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
d1324 3
a1326 2
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
d1329 1
d1331 3
a1333 2
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	AMT
Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
d1335 5
a1339 3
Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
d1346 1
d1349 1
a1349 1
Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
d1353 1
a1353 1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 17 0:00
a1582 7
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
@


1.1.2.16
log
@Updated timezone database from Arthur Olson.

PR:		conf/31851
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.80
d12 1
a12 1
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
a43 2
#	 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#	 0:20	NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
a44 1
#	 1:00:14 SET	 Swedish (1879-1899)*
d206 1
a206 1
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
a233 6
# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
# to London.  For example:
#
#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
d374 1
a374 1
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT
d380 2
a381 2
Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
a727 20
# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
#
# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
# Scoresbysund			UTC-1
# Danmarkshavn			UTC
#
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
# introduced.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-09-29):
# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# The 2000 IATA shows Thule as observing DST, so assume they stopped in 2001.

d730 2
a731 2
Rule	Thule	1993	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
a733 4
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
			0:00	-	GMT
d1081 1
a1081 1
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
a1373 1

d1376 1
a1376 34

# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
#
# (2001-04-08):
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
#
# (2001-04-09):
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
# actually followed.
#
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
#
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
# Amsterdam mean time.

# The data before 1945 are taken from
a1377 1

d1384 1
a1384 1
Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
a1389 2
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
a1398 3
#
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
d1400 3
a1402 3
Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
d1420 1
a1420 1
Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
a1426 47

# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
#
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
#
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
d1428 3
a1430 1
Link	Europe/Oslo	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
d1574 1
a1574 1
			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
d1581 1
a1581 1
			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
a1621 6
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
#
a1639 9
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
#
d1641 1
a1641 3
#
# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
a1645 21
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
a1653 3
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
a1660 7
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
a1665 3
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
d1671 5
a1675 2
#
# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
a1681 5
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
a1686 4
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
a1692 11
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky,
# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky,
# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky,
# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky,
# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky.
a1697 7
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky.
a1702 16
#
# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
#
# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:]
# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky.
d1708 1
a1708 5
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
a1713 2
#
# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
d1798 5
a1802 50

# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
#
# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
# the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
# hour before the event took place.
#
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
@


1.1.2.17
log
@Latest zoneinfo from Arthur Olson.  Among other things, this fixes
Europe/Tallinn to reflect last weekend's changeover.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2002c.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.82
d199 1
a199 1
# </a>
d752 1
a752 37
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
# 
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
# info from earlier correspondence.]
#
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
#
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.

# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
d755 2
a756 2
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
d759 2
a760 4
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
a817 7
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.

d830 1
a830 2
			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@


1.1.2.18
log
@Update to latest drop from Arthur Olson and the gang.

Obtained from: ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2003
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.83
d36 14
a49 14
#                   std dst  2dst
#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
a560 8

# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
# for 1945-04-12.

d564 2
a569 2
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
d572 3
a574 5
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
			1:00	-	CET	1946
d657 1
a657 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d684 1
a684 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
d753 1
a753 1
#
d994 4
a997 13
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]

# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.

d1001 5
a1005 2
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
d1011 2
a1343 9
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm


d1358 1
a1358 2
			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
			2:00	EU	EE%sT
d1396 1
a1396 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
a1981 16
# Serbia and Montenegro
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
			1:00	EU	CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia

d1986 1
a1986 1
# see Serbia and Montenegro
a2193 9
#
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"

d2251 16
@


1.1.2.19
log
@Update timezone data from Arthur Olson.  Principal changes are more accurate
data for Canada and Chatham Island, and the latest Brazilian government
decree.

Obtained from:	<ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2003d.tar.gz>
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.84
a26 4
#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#	</a> (1914-03)
#
d128 1
a128 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-29):
d136 8
a143 18
# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.

# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
#	-- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
#	</a>
d1326 1
a1326 1
			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
a1752 2
# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
d1754 1
a1754 1
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
@


1.1.2.20
log
@Redo vendor import using correct (nonstandard) vendor branch.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.88
d132 1
a132 1
# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
d144 1
a144 1
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
a709 3
# Cyprus
# See the `asia' file.

a920 4
# Aaland Is
Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn


d1834 1
a1834 1
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
d1955 1
a1955 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1958 7
a1964 6
# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
d1971 1
a1971 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1974 3
a1976 2
# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
# Ust'-Yanskij.
d1993 1
a1993 1
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
d1995 3
a1997 3
# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
@


1.1.2.21
log
@Latest timezone data update from Arthur Olson.  Most changes are to
commentary; only significant change is Cuba, which did not fall back
this year due to an energy shortage.
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.90
d711 1
a711 1
# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
a1057 5
# Georgia
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.

d1614 1
a1614 1
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
@


1.1.2.22
log
@Vendor update of timezone database.

Changes to historical dates in: Azerbaijan, B.I.O.T., China, Denmark,
Libya, and Poland.

Changes to current dates in: East Timor, Haiti, Israel, Kazakhstan,
Nicaragua, Paraguay, Samoa, Tunisia, Uruguay

Changes to future dates in: Australia, Iran, United States

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2005l.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	7.95
d7 1
a7 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d58 1
a58 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
d84 1
a84 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
d105 1
a105 1
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
d171 1
a171 1
# From: Jonathan Leffler
d176 1
a176 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
d207 1
a207 1
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
d209 1
a209 1
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
d215 1
a215 1
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
a257 29
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include 
# various relating to legal time, for example:
# 
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
# 
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
# 
# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
# 
# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
#
# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
# 
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these 
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 
# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
# 
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 
# being GMT+1.)

d396 7
d510 1
a510 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
d626 1
a626 1
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
d685 1
a685 1
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
a729 34

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
# in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.

d742 2
d745 1
d748 1
a748 1
			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
a756 5
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
d843 1
a843 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
d848 1
a848 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
d858 1
a858 1
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
d907 1
a907 1
# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
d911 1
a911 1
# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994):
d988 1
a988 1
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
d1022 1
a1022 1
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
d1137 1
a1137 1
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
d1164 1
a1164 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
d1280 1
a1280 1
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
d1367 1
a1367 1
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
d1474 1
a1474 1
# But [two people] separately reported via
a1576 1
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks.
d1578 1
d1581 2
d1636 1
a1636 1
# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
d1655 6
a1660 13
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
d1667 1
a1667 1
Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
d1676 18
a1693 2
			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
d1698 1
a1698 1
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
d1702 1
a1702 1
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
d1832 1
a1832 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d1838 1
a1838 1
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
d1844 1
a1844 1
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
d1850 1
a1850 1
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
d2038 1
a2038 1
# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
d2312 1
a2312 1
# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
d2342 2
a2343 1
# From: Tom Hofmann
d2362 1
a2362 1
# ...
d2366 1
a2366 1
# From: Dik T. Winter
d2392 2
a2393 1
# ...
@


1.1.2.23
log
@No sooner did I make noises about seeing the last timezone update of
2005 when another one comes out.  This one, even ADO hopes will be the
last of the year.

Obtained from: Arthur Olson, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2005r.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 2
# @@(#)europe	7.96
# <pre>
@


1.1.2.24
log
@Vendor import tzdata2006g.  Too many changes to summarize here; of
particular importance to those living in the Western Hemisphere as
many non-U.S. zones will be changing DST rules next year to match the
U.S.

Obtained from:	Arthur David Olson, ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.3
d8 1
a8 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d10 2
a11 2
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
d19 2
a20 2
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
d224 1
a224 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d226 1
a226 1
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
d228 1
a228 2
# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
# are incorrect:
d240 1
a240 1
# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
d246 1
a246 1
# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
d251 1
a251 2
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
# Shanks & Pottenger.
d421 1
a421 1
Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
d479 1
a479 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d599 1
a599 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
d603 2
a604 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
d716 1
a716 1
Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
d816 1
a816 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d819 1
a819 1
# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
d874 2
a875 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
d878 1
a878 2
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
d883 2
a884 4
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
d966 1
a966 1
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
d970 3
a972 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
d1002 1
a1002 1
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
d1016 1
a1016 1
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1037 2
a1038 2
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
d1046 1
a1046 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
d1059 1
a1059 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
d1063 1
a1063 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
d1070 1
a1070 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
d1073 1
a1073 1
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1124 1
a1124 1
Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
d1131 1
a1131 1
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1134 1
a1134 1
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1136 1
a1136 1
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1140 1
a1140 1
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1160 1
a1160 1
			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
d1223 4
a1226 4
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
d1264 2
a1265 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
d1267 1
a1267 1
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
d1272 1
a1272 1
# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
d1328 1
a1328 1
			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
d1470 1
a1470 2
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1517 1
a1517 1
Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
d1526 3
a1528 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
d1553 1
a1553 2
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
d1636 1
a1636 2
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
# Pottenger.
d1707 1
a1707 2
Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1709 1
a1709 1
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1765 1
a1765 1
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1767 1
a1767 1
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1783 1
a1783 1
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1786 1
d1788 1
a1788 1
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1790 1
a1790 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
d1793 1
a1793 1
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1797 1
a1797 1
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1800 1
a1800 1
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
d1814 2
a1815 2
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d1827 1
a1827 1
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
d1880 1
a1880 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d1883 2
a1884 3
# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
d1992 1
a1992 1
			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
d2088 1
a2088 1
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
d2104 1
a2104 2
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2109 1
a2109 1
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2111 1
a2111 1
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2114 1
a2114 1
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2119 1
a2119 2
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2125 1
a2125 1
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2152 1
a2152 1
Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
d2174 1
a2174 1
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
d2235 1
a2235 1
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
d2254 1
a2254 2
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2263 1
a2263 2
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
d2360 1
a2360 1
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
d2363 2
a2364 4
# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
# changed in May.
@


1.1.2.25
log
@New timezone data.

Obtained from:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2006n.tar.gz
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.6
a427 3
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
d706 1
a706 1
# see Serbia
d733 1
a733 1
# see Serbia
d897 1
a897 1
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
d1513 1
a1513 1
# see Serbia
a1569 3
# Montenegro
# see Serbia

d1940 1
a1940 1
# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
d1942 1
a1942 1
# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
d1946 1
a1946 1
# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
d1953 1
a1953 1
# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
a1967 13
# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
# others?  But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
#
d1971 2
a1972 3
			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
d1998 1
a1998 3
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
d2008 1
a2008 1
# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
d2091 1
a2091 1
# Serbia
a2102 1
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
d2111 1
a2111 1
# see Serbia
@


1.1.2.26
log
@Long-delayed import of timezone database from Arthur Olson et al.

Timezone data changes in the following locations:

Antarctica
Bahamas
Chile (past timestamps only)
Cuba
Eritrea (Africa/Asmara renamed to Africa/Asmera)
Haiti
Honduras
Indonesia (past timestamps only)
Mongolia
New Zealand (future timestamps only)
Nunavut
Pulaski County, Indiana
Syria
Turkey
Turks & Caicos
Western Australia

Also: some city coordinates corrected.

PR:	conf/109418
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.10
d262 1
a262 1
# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
d264 1
a264 1
#
d266 1
a266 1
#
d269 1
a269 1
#
d273 1
a273 1
#
d280 3
a282 3
#
# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
d284 4
a287 4
#
# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
d757 1
a757 1
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
d812 1
a812 1
Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
a2280 28

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
# ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm

a2334 5
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
d2340 2
a2341 1
			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
@


1.1.2.27
log
@Import of timezone database from Arthur Olson et al.

Timezone data changes in the following locations:

- Egypt
- Australia (new DST rules for 2008 and following)
- Perry County, Indiana
- America/Indiana/Tell_City
- Pike County, Indiana

Also:

- City coordinates corrected.
- Layout of leapseconds is updated

PR:		conf/115706
Approved by:	re (bmah@@)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.11
d447 1
a447 1
# Europe
a2388 2
# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Kiev" is more common in English.
a2399 2
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
d2412 1
a2412 4
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
# portable Posix file names.
@


1.1.2.28
log
@MFV of tzdata2007k

- Argentinian DST changes
- Put SJ in the right location

Approved by: 	grog (implicit)
@
text
@d1 1
a1 1
# @@(#)europe	8.12
d1717 1
@


